User:Guarapiranga/Draft:List of countries by prevalence of genital cutting

In males, circumcision consists of removing the prepuce of the penis (the foreskin). Circumcision is practiced on young Muslim boys (known as khitan) and on newborn Jewish infants (known as brit milah), as well as on non-Jewish or Muslim infants in the United States as a hospital procedure. It used to be, but is no longer, a common procedure in Australia and Canada. Circumcision for cosmetic reasons is banned in public hospitals in Australia.

The procedures of female genital mutilation (FGM) are significantly more extensive. FGM has no medical benefits and can cause serious harm to women's physical and mental health, depending on the procedure and whether it was performed by traditional cutters or medical personnel. Known until the early 1990s as "female circumcision", the World Health Organization (WHO) and other agencies began referring to it as "female genital mutilation" to remove any analogy to male circumcision. It is outlawed around the world, including in many of the countries in which it is most heavily concentrated. Found mainly in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, the practice is divided by the WHO into four types:


 * Type 1 (clitoridectomy) is the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans; "in very rare cases", according to the WHO, it involves removal of the clitoral hood only (the prepuce, or skin around the clitoral glans).
 * Type 2 (excision) is the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans, inner labia, and sometimes the outer labia.
 * Type 3 (infibulation) is the removal of the inner and outer labia and the creation of a seal over the vagina by stitching the two sides or by otherwise allowing them to bond, leaving a small hole for the passage of urine and menstrual blood; this is performed with and without clitoridectomy.
 * Type 4 is "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area".