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The indigenous people of Trinidad and Tobago have occupied Trinidad and Tobago since at least the Archaic Period.

Earliest settlers
Evidence of human activity in Trinidad predates its separation from the South American mainland. A spearhead discovered in Biche, in central Trinidad, was attributed to the Joboid series, a Lithic age culture known from adjacent areas of the mainland, and was estimated to date to about 8000 BCE.

At European contact
In the period after European contact, Trinidad was inhabited by a number of indigenous groups. Six indigenous groups are reported to have inhabited Trinidad in the end of the sixteenth century—Carinepagoto, Yaio, Nepoio (all Cariban-speaking), Lokono, and Shebaio (both Arawakan-speaking) and the Chaguanes, a Warao subtribe.

In the 1630s Tobago was inhabited by the Kalina.