User:Guffydrawers/sandbox/Enimont Scandal

The Enimont scandal, also known as tangentopoli, was a 1990s scandal in Italy involving leading politicians and businessmen. It was caused by the discovery in 1991 of a system of massive bribes to Italian political parties from businesses in return for political influence and exemption from tax. The scandal led to a court case that started in 1993. Over 40 politicians and industrialists received jail terms.

In 1991

in which prominent Italian politicians and industrialists stood trial for corruption as revealed by the mani pulite investigations.

The politicians were accused of accepting colossal bribes of about 150 billion lire from businessmen, principally from Enimont, a joint venture chemical company comprising the state owned oil company Eni and the privately owned Montedison. Much of the money was converted into government bonds and passed through the Vatican Bank. Over 40 people were sentenced to jail terms ranging from 4 months to 5 years, including former Prime Minister Bettino Craxi. The first verdicts were issued in October 1995, with further verdicts after appeals in 1997 and 1998, finally completing in January 2000.

http://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/27/business/death-in-italy-a-trail-of-corruption.html Death in Italy: A Trail of Corruption

http://www.icis.com/resources/news/1997/06/20/18858/eni-to-investigate-further-enimont-scandal/ ENI to investigate further Enimont scandal

https://apnews.com/article/27f91a2858bc730876133130a22aa090 Enimont Affair: Led to a Family’s Fall, Massive Scandal and Mystery

http://www.theflorentine.net/lifestyle/2010/02/raoul-gardini/ Death of a dream

https://books.google.de/books?id=vtXMLssiYx8C&pg=PA586&lpg=PA586&dq=enimont+scandal&source=bl&ots=f5_MLFcFPU&sig=y66ZPFOngm7DqWFv167KYYttLhg&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVtZn52cLLAhWJ_XIKHaOXAgQQ6AEIUTAF#v=onepage&q=enimont%20scandal&f=false The Power and the Glory: Inside the Dark Heart of Pope John Paul II's Vatican

https://sites.google.com/site/nccmn2x4/rooting-out-corruption Rooting out corruption

http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13691192.html Tragischer Sommer

https://books.google.de/books?id=i4ZAV6B85V0C&pg=PA311&lpg=PA311&dq=enimont+scandal&source=bl&ots=X7uOU7Zdan&sig=kItxPWDz_gum09Hs6mUoNIcjz7w&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVtZn52cLLAhWJ_XIKHaOXAgQQ6AEIZTAJ#v=onepage&q=enimont%20scandal&f=false Stories of Globalization: Transnational Corporations, Resistance, and the State

http://www.deseretnews.com/article/308100/MILAN-JUDGE-ARRESTED-IN-CORRUPTION-SCANDAL.html?pg=all MILAN JUDGE ARRESTED IN CORRUPTION SCANDAL