User:GujjarSarkar/sandbox

Gujjars (also called Gurjar, Gojar, and Goojar) are an agricultural and pastoral community of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. The history of the Gujjars is related to an ancient people called Gurjaras, who were a tribal confederation of pastoral-nomadic-warriors. The Gurjaras were first noticed in history around 6th century AD, when they had established a kingdom in modern Rajasthan. Their kingdom was simply called "Gurjara" or "Gurjaradesa" (Gurjara Country). It is from this kingdom that the Gurjaras are supposed to have spread to the surrounding regions, and the descendants of these migrating Gurjaras are known as Gujjars today.

The ancestral language of the Gujjars is called Gujari or Gojri. However, the majority of today's Gujjars do not speak Gujari, instead they speak the regional and national languages of their respective homelands. Gujari is closely related to Hindko, Pahari, Mewati/Mewari, Gujarati, and Rajasthani languages.

Origins
There are many theories regarding the origins of Gurjaras, but the historians have no consensus over a single viewpoint. The following are some of the most well known theories, backed by academic works.

Khazar or Georgian
One of the first theories on the origins of the Gurjaras was that they came from Central Asia alongside the Hunas when they invaded North India. It was first purported by D.R. Bhandarkar, based on the theories of A.M.T. Jackson and Rudolf Hoernlé. It was purposed that the Khazars (Gurjaras) had allied with the Hunas and invaded Northern India around 5th century AD. The Kacharas of India mentioned in ancient manuscripts were identified with the Khazars, whose name was later "sanskritized" to Gurjara. According to this view, Gujjar originated from Georgia.

Professor Georgi Chogoshvili, belonging to the Georgian Academy of Science, has also remarked that there is a strong resemblance between the Gujjars and the Georgians.

Gaussura Kushana or Scythian
General Alexander Cunningham, founder of the Archaeological Survey of India, held the opinion that Gujjars are Tokharians. The people who were known as Gusura in the Tarim Basin and after coming to India adopted the name Gurjara. He identified the Kushana dynasty (leading clan of the Tokharian confederation called Yuezhi) with the Kasana clan of the Gujjars.

Gocer or Turkmen Nomads
Dr. Javaid Rahi, the National Secretary of Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation, holds that the Gujjars are Turks who came to India from Turkey and Turkmenistan, and are related to the Turkmens called Göçer (pronounced Gujar). He cites cultural and clan similarities between the two people as evidence of their shared origins.

Warriors of Mt Abu Region
Dr Baij Nath Puri believes that Gurjaras were a tribal confederation who were living in obscurity in the vicinty of Mt Abu. He bases his theory on the linguistic and dynastic history of the Gujjars. He points out that Gujari, the ancestral language of the Gujjars, is a akin to Rajasthani, the language of Mt. Abu. He also points out that althought the boundaries of the ancient Gurjara territories kept on changing, the city of Bhinmal and Mt Abu were never outside of these boundaries. It suggests that Bhinmal and Mt Abu were the centers of the Gurjara power.

Citizens of Gurjara Kingdom
K.M. Munshi believes that the citizens of Gurjara kingdom or Gurjaradesa were known as Gurjaras.

Gurjara Kingdoms
Some of the most important dynasties of Medieval India were known as Gurjaras. The following is a list of the dynasties known in history as Gurjaras.

Gurjara Kingdom of Mandor
A Brahman named Harichandra was the founder of this line of Gurjaras. They were known as Pratiharas.

Gurjara Kingdom of Broach
The king named Dadda II made land grants to Brahmans on copper plates. These copper plates have been recovered by archeologists, and they give the names of this dynasty's history.

Gurjara Kingdom of Rajor
A Pratihara king named Mathanadeva refers to himself as Gurjara Pratiharyvayah.

Gurjara Kingdom of Punjab or Takkadesa
Alakhana of present day Gujrat and Gujranwala.

Gurjara Empire
The Gurjara-Pratiharas and their times.

Pakistan
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India
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Afghanistan
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