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Effect upon Che
Although it is considered to formative, scholars have largely ignored this period of Guevara's life.

Che's experience of the South American continent also help to shape his revolutionary sensibilities. When discussing the plight of the downtrodden Indians of Peru, Granado discussed the formation of an Indian political party to begin a Tupac Amaru Indian Revolution. Guevara allegedly replied "Revolution without firing a shot? You're crazy?'. The journey was also formative in his political beliefs, for example historian Paulo Drinot notes that the journey stimulated his sentiments of Pan-Americanism that would later shape his revolutionary behaviours.

Scholar Lucía Álvarez De Toledo argues that it was on these motorcycle travels that he 'disregarded his social class and his white European racial ancestry" and retained the view of himself as an Argentine, as a member of the United America he had encountered during his travels. Having said this, with the exception of Guatemala, Guevara showed little concern with the policies of the countries he encountered.

In total, Guevara's travels in the 1950s played an important role in determining his view on the world 'and his later revolutionary trajectory'.

Book editions

Some scholars have taken issue with the nature of the diaries. Michael Casey wrote that 'Diaries is not a diary at all but rather a deliberately constructed memoir that the young Ernesto fashioned and embellished'. With these embellishments, Casey argues, that not only does Guevara blur the line between fiction and nonfiction in his writings, but at points this line is clearly crossed. However, some scholars would take this claim further. Frans Weiser argues that Guevara was not the only person that was editing and reshaping writing these notes. Paulo Drinot says that the Cuban government, as well as others, reworked these texts for reasons of either self-fashioning or political benefits. However, he also points out that Guevara's introduction explicitly notes his own doctoring of the evidence and that the fact the notes are 'reorganized' and 'polished' in no way undermines its utility as a historical source. The veracity of these claims is still undetermined.

Film criticisms
The film also received criticism for its representation of the Guevara as a youthful idealist. Scholar Anthony Daniels argued that the film helps to continue the wrongful glorification of the Guevara name, noting 'The film is thus the cinematic equivalent of the Che Guevara T-shirt; it is morally monstrous and emotionally trivial'. Frans Weiser agrees saying that the film's narrative is dominated by reductive images of Guevara as an idealistic, loveable rogue.

Pre-expedition addition
This pre-expedition gave Guevara a taste of what would be experienced in his more extensive South American travels. The journey broke new ground for him in activities that would become central to his life: travelling and writing a diary. His own father said that it was preparation for his subsequent long journeys across South America.

Guevara relied upon the hospitality of strangers that he encountered, as he and Granado would throughout their later travels. For example, following a puncture, he flagged down a lorry to take him to his next destination. In another instance, in Loreto, he asked for hospitality from a local police officer when he had nowhere to stay. The trip encouraged Guevara's style of traveling that would be seen in the Motorcycle Diaries. By the time he reached Jujuy, he had decided that the best way to get to know and to understand a country was by visiting hospitals and meeting the patients that they housed. He was not interested in the sites for tourists, and preferred meeting the people in custody of the police or the strangers that he met en route with whom he struck up a conversation. Guevara had seen the parallel existence of the poverty and deprivation faced by the native populations. Guevara also noted 'turbulence' in the region under Río Grande, but having not actually crossed this river, historian John Lee Anderson argues that Guevara used the Río Grande as a symbol of the United States, and this was a early glimmer of the notion of neocolonial exploitation that would obsess him in later life. For the young Guevara, the trip had been an education.

It was the success of his Argentinian 'raid', as he so put it, that awakened in him a desire to explore the world and prompted the commencing of new travel plans.