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T.E. Nicholas combined was a pacifist, a Christian and a Communist. He was an internationalist and committed internationalist who celebrated and a lover who loved the Welsh language and the culture of the Welsh people. His roots were in the radicalism and religion of the Nonconformist tradition of rural West Wales. Yet he threw himself into the practical struggles of his century - to unionise the industrial and agricultural workers of Wales and to build political parties which could fight for them.

n this period (1904-14) Wales came to know Niclas y Glais as one of the most fervent Welsh speakers for Socialism and a good friend and supporter of David Thomas who was doing similar propagnda work for the Labour Movement in Gwynedd.

On 1 December 1913 the diacons of Ebenezer, Llangybi, and Bethlehem, Llanddewi Brefi invited him to be their minister.

In Ceredigion T.E. Nicholas organised farmworkers into a Union and in 1918 he established the Labour Party in the county. He resigned from the ministry in 1918

Nicholas achieved a great deal, especially as 'the people's poet'. His was a lonely, prophetic voice, inspired by the Bible and the writings of Communist philosophers from Karl Marx to R. Palme Dutt.

His attitude as a Welshman was expressed in a verse that he composed in 1903 which spoke of his love for Wales as part of a wider world. He was an internationalist, called by the Communist activist Harry Pollit in 1949 the 'greatest of Welshmen'. W. T. Pennar Davies said 'truly that it was strange that the prophet of the social revolution spoke through the Welsh language

Sir Thomas Parry

Add the Dafydd ap Gwilym and Oxford Book of Welsh Verse references. And the Welsh lit history works. Cousinage. Conscientious objection WWII - see Derec llwyd Morgan in Welsh Biography online. Amend the main reference - it points to an irrelevant page on Aberystwyth University's website. Add a cross ref to TP reading a DapG sonnet on the DapG website.

T H Parry williams

Cross refs to Eng trans - Hon, Ty'r ysgol http://poemsintranslation.blogspot.com/p/my-poetry-translations.html

Welsh Church of Central London

Castle Street Meeting House - A History, by D Hugh Matthews (1989) Gwasg John Penry, Swansea Huw Edwards - 2014, City Mission – the Story of London's Welsh Chapels, Y Lolfa, Tal-y-bont, ISBN 1847719058

See references in World Cat

Archibald Church MP https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/agents/people/11092 Papers are held at Camb Univ. More facts in the narrative description. Inc the Gen Sec Union

letter from Grace Catchpole, secretary of the propaganda sub-committee, to Major Church, secretary of the executive committee, about sub-committee business, 22 February 1921 at https://mrc.epexio.com/records/ASW/2/2/3

extracts from executive committee's minutes on the employment of Major Church, 1930-1932 (MSS.79/ASW/1/2/14/13). at - https://mrc.epexio.com/records/ASW/2/2/14

Association of Scientific Workers (AScW) (the National Union of Scientific Workers (NUSW) before 1927) Warwick University hold the union's papers

Church also wrote on east Africa : East Africa, a new dominion; a crucial experiment in tropical development and its significance to the British Empire, by: Church, Archibald, 1886- Published: (1927)

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226803487-006/pdf cited in CHAPTER THREE. An Environmental Laboratory: “Native” Agriculture, Tropical Infertility, and Ecological Models of Development From the book Africa as a Living Laboratory Helen Tilley https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226803487-006

and map used by US OSS https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/agdm/id/5317/

W.J. Gruffydd  sources etc

https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-John-Gruffydd

William John Gruffydd Welsh poet Last Updated: Feb 10, 2023 • Article History

Born: February 14, 1881 Caernarvonshire Wales Died: September 29, 1954 (aged 73) Caernarfon Wales Notable Works: “Telynegion” William John Gruffydd, (born Feb. 14, 1881, Bethel, Caernarvonshire, Wales—died Sept. 29, 1954, Caernarvon), Welsh-language poet and scholar whose works represented first a rebellion against Victorian standards of morality and literature and later a longing for the society he knew as a youth.

Educated at the University of Oxford, Gruffydd was appointed professor of Celtic at University College, Cardiff, Wales, a position he held until his retirement in 1946. He edited the Welsh quarterly review Y llenor (“The Literary Man”) from its inception in 1922 until 1951, when it was discontinued.

His earliest work, with R. Silyn Roberts, the book of poems Telynegion (1900; “Lyrics”), naturalized the romantic lyric in Wales. Other works include Caneuon a cherddi (1906; “Songs and Poems”), Llenyddiaeth Cymru o 1450 hyd 1600 (1922; “History of Welsh Literature, 1450–1600”), Ynys yr hud (1923; “The Enchanted Island”), Caniadau (1932; “Poems”), and Hen atgofion (1936; “Old Memories”).

This article was most recently revised and updated by Chelsey Parrott-Sheffer.

for WJG's election manifestos (Jan 1 1943 and 1945) for the Univ of Wales seat -

https://syllwr.llyfrgell.cymru/5116745#?c=&m=&s=&cv=77&manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdamsssl.llgc.org.uk%2Fiiif%2F2.0%2F5116745%2Fmanifest.json&xywh=-901%2C0%2C4911%2C3987

http://hdl.handle.net/10107/5116745

Includes the flyer of supporting names (with a scarcely veiled attack on S. lewis ) - names inc Gornowny Roberts and Frank Price jones of the Lab p, D lloyd George and other Liberals (WJG orig intended to stand as an independent) the Bp of Bangor, lord Davies of llandinam, together with preeminent academics - J E Lloyd, R T Jenkins, Thomas Jones of Coleg Harlech, Iorwerth Peate, J F Rees, Ifor Williams

[but not - Parry Williams, Williams Parry, Tom parry, T Gwynn Jones (?), 81 of 325

for the 1945 re-election :

https://syllwr.llyfrgell.cymru/5116745#?c=&m=&s=&cv=97&manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdamsssl.llgc.org.uk%2Fiiif%2F2.0%2F5116745%2Fmanifest.json&xywh=-930%2C0%2C4961%2C4028

https://syllwr.llyfrgell.cymru/5116745#?c=&m=&s=&cv=80&manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdamsssl.llgc.org.uk%2Fiiif%2F2.0%2F5116745%2Fmanifest.json&xywh=-30%2C-12%2C3319%2C2695

These are all in a cache of Liberal manifestos.

https://biography.wales/article/s2-GRUF-JOH-1881 Tom Parry's biographical piece