User:Gwlagerweij/Chulym

Work in progress on Chulym language

Pronouns
  

 

   Note Not attested

Aktionsart
Like many other Turkic languages, Chulym expresses aktionsart through auxilliary verbs. Polyverbal constructions with actionable characteristics can express "state" (S), "process" (P), "entering a state" (EP), "entering a process" (EP) and "multiplicative process" (MP). This is recognized as universal in Turkic languages. S, P, ES and EP reflect episodic actions, whereas MP are habitual. ES and EP only seem to occur in the perfective aspect, while the others occur in both perfective and imperfective.

The analysis presented by Lemskaya (2012) uses the perfective past tense in -(G)A(n), and the imperfective present tense in -(I)b(I)l(X), -AdI and -(Ip)tIr.

Phonology according to Dul'zon
This phonology is adapted from Dul'zon.

Consonants
/q/ is an allophone of /k/ in back-vowel words.

Vowels
All vowels other than the mid-central vowels have long versions.

Phonology according to Pomorska
This phonology is taken from Pomorska.

Consonants
/q/ is an allophone of /k/ in back-vowel words. /h/ is only found medially and finally, it is the result of secondary spirantization. The phonetic value of /v/ is uncertain.

MC = Middle Chulym, LC = Lower Chulym, K = Küärik.

Vowels
This is dubious and seems to be missing some vowels (e.g. /ɛ/, which are almost certainly present).

Long vowels may be found in any part of the word. In some cases, the long vowels coincide with Old Turkic long vowels. Otherwise, they can result from secondary contraction due to loss of a consonant like ɣ, y, n, ŋ, b, l, etc.