User:HRShami/Selim Shahriar

Selim Shahriar is an American engineer, researcher and academic. He is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Northwestern University. He is also the Director of Solid State and Photonics Division at NU.

Shahriar's research is focused on Low Light Level Optical Switching with Nano-Fibers, Quantum Communication and Quantum Computing, Optical Data Buffering Using Fast Light, and Superluminal Ring Laser for Gyroscopes, Accelerometers, and Magnetometers. Some of his research deals with Static and Dynamic Holographic Memory and Correlator, Polarimetric Laser Radar and Optical Coherence Tomography and Atom-Interferometric Rotation Sensing.

Shahriar is a fellow of International Society for Optics and Photonics and The Optical Society.

Early life and education
Shahriar received an SB in Physics and an SB in EECS from MIT in 1986. He continued studying at MIT, completing his SM and PhD. in 1989 and 1992, respectively. His Ph.D. thesis was entitled Fundamental Studies and Applications in Three Level Atoms. He completed his Postdoctoral research at MIT.

Career
In 1992, Shahriar joined MIT, as a research scientist. In 2001, left MIT to join Northwestern University as an Associate Professor, becoming Professor in 2008. In 2008, he was appointed as the Director of Solid State and Photonics Division at NU.

In 1998, Shahriar founded Digital Optics Technologies (DOT) and continues to serve as its Chairman of the Board and Chief Scientific Advisor. DOT carries out research activities in the fields of optical memory, holography and precision metrology.

Shahriar is a member of the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and a council member of LIGO Scientific Collaboration. Shahriar has created two new conferences under SPIE Photonics West: Optical, Opto-Atomic and Entanglement Enhanced Precision Metrology, and Advanced Optical Concepts in Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication.

Shahriar was an Associate Editor for the journal Optical Engineering from 2013 to 2015.

Research and work
In the beginning of his career, most of Shahriar's work was focused on holographs and holograph technology. This line of research beginning in the early 1990s continued until the late 2010s. In this area, he demonstrated a Holographic Smart Eye which combines a Holographic Video Disc with a Joint Transform Correlator to perform high speed image search. Later, he demonstrated a Holographic Stokesmeter for high-speed polarization imaging and developed an In-Line, High-Speed Imaging Stokesmeter that can be used with virtually any camera, including a flash ladar, for polarimetric imaging. In later work, he invented and demonstrated the super-parallel holographic optical correlator, which is capable of searching through millions of images at once, taking only about 10 msec.

In 2002, Shehriar wrote the paper "Observation of Ultraslow and Stored Light Pulses in a Solid." The paper received wide media coverage because he demonstrated, for the first time in a solid, slowing to a terrestrial-scale velocity (45 m/sec) and eventually halting/restarting a light pulse, using a crystal of Pr:YSO. This followed their demonstration, again for the first time in a solid, of electromagnetically induced transparency, and of optical data storage and recall using laser excited spin echo.

In 2003, Shahriar discovered and demonstrated a new effect, called the Bloch Siegert Oscillation, which results from the interference between the positive and negative frequency components of a strong oscillating electromagnetic field as it interacts with a resonant atomic system.

Shahriar began working on gravitational wave detectors in late 2000s. He identified a concrete scheme for enhancing the sensitivity-bandwidth product of a gravitational wave detector by a factor of 18, using a white light cavity that makes use of Gain with Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (GEIT), realizable using Rb vapor. Later he demonstrated a Fast-Light White Light Cavity, which can be used for enhancing the sensitivity of a gravitational wave detector, as well as to implement a long-delay, high-bandwidth data buffering system for optical communication. In 2016, he contributed to the first observation of gravitational waves.

In the mid-2010s, Shahriar invented a technique for arbitrary-pattern nanolithography with a resolution of 2 nm via Bose-Condensate based atom interferometry. This process is suitable for taking a conventional optical lithography mask, and converting it to an atomic pattern, which in turn can be transferred to useful materials such as metals and semiconductors. He presented his technique and findings in the 2016 paper entitled "Generation of arbitrary lithographic patterns using Bose-Einstein-condensate interferometry".

A significant part of Shahriar's work is focused on Quantum Communication and Quantum Computing. He developed a novel model for quantum computing, using spectrally selective bands of atoms in a solid. This work formed the heart of the so-called Type II Quantum Computing Program launched by AFOSR. Shahriar and his group have also identified new QED techniques based on the cavity dark state suitable for such a quantum computer. He also developed a novel protocol for realizing a quantum internet, using entangles photon pairs and trapped rubidium atoms. This includes an explicit model for measuring all four Bell states in a 87Rb atom, using Raman dark states, so that it would be possible to teleport the quantum state of a massive particle with near perfect fidelity. In later work in this area, he developed a model for realizing an integrated quantum computer network by using ensembles of atoms as quantum bits This model has solved a key problem in using atomic ensembles for versatile quantum information processing using atomic ensembles, which are otherwise a leading contender for developing quantum memory and a quantum repeater.

Awards and honors

 * Fellow, SPIE
 * Fellow, OSA
 * Distinguished Science Award of the National Space Club - Huntsville Chapter
 * Gruber Prize in Cosmology 2016
 * Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics 2016
 * Best Teacher, ECE, 2018-19

Selected papers

 * "Observation of Ultraslow and Stored Light Pulses in a Solid," A. V. Turukhin, V.S. Sudarshanam, M.S. Shahriar, J.A. Musser, B.S. Ham, and P.R. Hemmer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 023602 (2002).
 * "Enhanced sensitivity of the LIGO gravitational wave detector by using squeezed states of light," J. Aasi, M.S. Shahriar, et al., Nature Photonics, Vol. 7, pp. 613-619 (Aug, 2013)
 * "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger," B.P. Abbott, M.S. Shahriar, et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 116, 061102 (2016).
 * "GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence," B.P. Abbott, M.S. Shahriar, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 241103 (2016).
 * "Properties of the Binary Black Hole Merger GW150914," B.P. Abbott, M.S. Shahriar, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 241102 (2016).
 * "Binary Black Hole Mergers in the First Advanced LIGO Observing Run," B.P. Abbott, M.S. Shahriar, et al., Phys. Rev. X 6, 041015 (2016).
 * "GW170814: A three-detector observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole coalescence," B.P. Abbott, M.S. Shahriar et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 119, 141101 (2017).
 * "Gravitational waves and gamma rays from a binary neutron star merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A," B.P. Abbott, M.S. Shahriar et al., The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 848:L13 (2017).
 * "GW170608: Observation of a 19 Solar-mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence," B.P. Abbott, M.S. Shahriar et al., The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 851:L35 (2017).
 * "GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral," B.P. Abbott, M.S. Shahriar et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 119, 161101 (2017).
 * "Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA," B.P. Abbott, M.S. Shahriar, et al., Living Review in Relativity, 21, 3 (2018).
 * "Erratum: GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 221101 (2017)]," B.P. Abbott, M.S. Shahriar, et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 121, 129901(E) (2018).