User:Halle330/sandbox

Embodiment-Model Explanations
An embodiment model looks at how the social world is materialized through the constant interactions between bodies and their environments. Examining Autism through an embodiment approach incorporates “hypotheses about initial biological	vulnerabilities to autism - which may or may not be differentially distributed in relation to sex biology - and their interactions with gender relations, which are demonstrably different for male and female infants.”

1st Explanation: Differences in gendered socialization- There are vulnerabilities that are randomly distributed amongst males and females, but because of gendered socialization, these vulnerabilities are expressed differently as Autism symptoms. This leads to increased Male : Female ratios.


 * There are studies on subtle differences in how adults communicate with male vs. female infants that provide evidence on how gender socialization can affect Autism and traits related to it. For example, studies by Dawson, Siller & Sigman, Clearfield & Nelson, and Page, Wilhelm, Gamble & Card have shown that the social environment of a female infant often provides more opportunities for social engagement and stresses certain behavior such as eye-contact and vocal response to questions. However, eye-contact and vocal response to questions are key signs of Autism that doctors and parents look for, but because infant girls are being more heavily coached in these areas from birth, girls may appear to be more typical while their other symptoms may stay hidden or masked.

2nd Explanation: The biological vulnerabilities to Autism are more prevalent in males, but these vulnerabilities are only amplified by gendered socialization.

Other Explanations
These explanations argue that the vulnerabilities to Autism are more prevalent in males, but gendered socialization does not affect and/or amplify these vulnerabilities. These explanations do not view gendered socialization as a factor in producing M : F differences, and these are the more popular and widely-held popular views in scientific literature.