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= Process and Effect of Gene Editing = Gene Editing’s Effect and Process

Have you ever thought of changing your genes forever? Do you want strong arms? A green hair? Or even a pure blue skin! If you are thinking that I am totally telling a fairy tale, then you are wrong! There’s actually a way to do it, and that has to do with gene editing. In this paper, I will describe the process of gene editing, its effects, and how it works.

Definition
As Wikipedia mentioned on the essay Genome Editing, Gene editing, or genome engineering, or gene editing, is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is desegregated, removed, changed,improve or replaced in the genome of a living organism. Unlike early genetic engineering techniques that randomly mice or insects genetic material into a host genome, genome editing targets the insertions to site specific locations. It is a technology that’s been found and used recently by humans.

Background
“Gene editing was a new technology in the 1990s, before the advent of the common current nuclease-based gene editing platforms, however, its use was limited by low efficiencies of editing. Genome editing with engineered nucleases, i.e. all three major classes of these enzymes—zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and engineered meganucleases—were selected by natural methods as the 2011 Method of the Year. The CRISPR-Cas system was selected by Science as 2015 Breakthrough of the Year.” (Stated by Wikipedia) In fact, the process was just started used in 2019 in China. “Genetic engineering as method of introducing new genetic elements into organisms has been around since the 1970s. One drawback of this technology has been the random nature with which the DNA is inserted into the hosts genome, which can impair or alter other genes within the organism. Although, several methods have been discovered which target the inserted genes to specific sites within an organism genome. It has also enabled the editing of specific sequences within a genome as well as reduced off target effects. This could be used for research purposes, by targeting mutations to specific genes, and in gene therapy. By inserting a functional gene into an organism and targeting it to replace the defective one it could be possible to cure certain genetic diseases.” That was said by Wiki and is the background information.

Process
Ok, now let me tell you how to do it.

1.“Genetic engineering as method of introducing new genetic elements into organisms has been around since the 1970s. One drawback of this technology has been the random nature with which the DNA is inserted into the hosts genome, which can impair or alter other genes within the organism. Although, several methods have been discovered which target the inserted genes to specific sites within an organism genome.[1] It has also enabled the editing of specific sequences within a genome as well as reduced off target effects. This could be used for research purposes, by targeting mutations to specific genes, and in gene therapy. By inserting a functional gene into an organism and targeting it to replace the defective one it could be possible to cure certain genetic diseases.”

2.”The key to genome editing is creating a DSB at a specific point within the genome. Commonly used restriction enzymes are effective at cutting DNA, but generally recognize and cut at multiple sites. To overcome this challenge and create site-specific DSB, three distinct classes of nucleases have been discovered and bioengineered to date. These are the Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription-activator like effector nucleases (TALEN), meganucleases and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) system.”

But it’s not enough to just know the process, you also need a device to fulfill that. “RISPRs (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) are genetic elements that bacteria use as a kind of acquired immunity to protect against viruses. They consist of short sequences that originate from viral genomes and have been incorporated into the bacterial genome. Cas (CRISPR associated proteins) process these sequences and cut matching viral DNA sequences. By introducing plasmids containing Cas genes and specifically constructed CRISPRs into eukaryotic cells, the eukaryotic genome can be cut at any desired position.” As, you may already guessed, is from Wiki.

In a word, gene editing is a process that will dominate the future world by changing you all over. Even in the future, the Gene Editing process can change all the genetic diseases. Maybe it’ll change humans to pigs and pigs to humans. Nobody knows what’s happening. Hope this process can change the human history!