User:Hams ahmed/Agar

Types of agar in microbiology

Different algae produce various types of agar. Each agar has unique properties that suit different purposes. Because of the agarose component, the agar solidifies. When heated, agarose has the potential to melt and then solidify. Because of this property, they are referred to as "physical gels." Polyacrylamide polymerization is an irreversible process, and the resulting products are known as chemical gels.

Given below is a list of different types of agar that support the different strains of bacterial growth:


 * 1) Blood Agar :    A bacterial growth media is blood agar. It is mostly used to cultivate pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococci. Ordinary growth media does not support the development of such organisms. They can only grow in blood agar because it contains inhibitors for several bacterial families.
 * 2) Luria Bertani (LB) Agar : are nutrient-rich plates used for bacterial growth. They are frequently utilized in cloning operations to increase the number of antibiotic-resistant, competent microorganisms. The same ingredients, without the agar, can be used to make liquid LB medium.
 * 3) Chocolate Agar : Chocolate Agar (CAP or CHOC) is a nonselective improved medium used to detect and isolate finicky pathogens.Chocolate agar is created by heating blood agar, which subsequently splits the red blood cell (RBC), releasing nutrients that help in the development of fastidious bacteria such as Haemophilus and Neisseria species.The term comes from the fact that the absence of RBC results in the hue chocolate brown.Chocolate agar is very identical to blood agar, except that the red blood cells are destroyed during the manufacturing process when they are introduced to the molten agar foundation. This causes cell lysis, which releases intracellular nutrition such as hemoglobin, Hemin ("X" factors), and the coenzyme nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD and "V" factor) into the agar, which is then utilized by fastidious bacteria.Chocolate agar is very identical to blood agar, except that the red blood cells are destroyed during the manufacturing process when they are introduced to the molten agar foundation. This causes cell lysis, which releases intracellular nutrition such as hemoglobin, Hemin ("X" factors), and the coenzyme nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD and "V" factor) into the agar, which is then utilized by fastidious bacteria.
 * 4) MacConkey Agar : Alfred Theodore MacConkey produced the first solid differential medium, (MAC), in the twentieth century. MacConkey agar is a selective and differential media used for the isolation and differentiation of non-fastidious gram-negative rods, notably members of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas genera.                                                                                               MacConkey Agar Applications: Gram-negative intestinal bacteria are isolated using MacConkey agar. It is used to distinguish lactose fermenting gram-negative bacteria from lactose non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria. It's used to isolate coliforms and intestinal pathogens from water, dairy products, and biological samples.
 * 5) Nutrient Agar :       Nutrient Agar is a basic culture medium that is often used for the cultivation of non-fastidious microorganisms, as well as for quality control and purity checking prior to biochemical or serological testing.  By supplementing the medium with serum or blood, nutrient media may also be utilized to cultivate picky microorganisms.Nutrient Agar is an excellent medium for demonstration and teaching because it allows cultures to survive at room temperature for longer periods of time without the risk of overgrowth that occurs with more nutritional mediums.This medium has a very basic formula that has been preserved and is still commonly employed in the microbiological evaluation of a wide range of materials, as well as being recommended by standard procedures.Nutrient agar is a general-purpose medium that is primarily used for regular culture or to assure microorganism survival.It is one of the most essential and widely used non-selective medium for regular microorganism culture. Many bacteria that are not particularly fastidious have been grown and counted on nutrient agar.By adding different biological fluids such as horse or sheep blood, serum, egg yolk, and so on, the media can be made suitable for the cultivation of other fastidious organisms.
 * 6) Neomycin Agar : Neomycin blood agar is a popular selective medium for isolating vancomycin-resistant enterococci from feces; however, not all isolates are recovered using this medium, perhaps due to excessive neomycin concentrations.