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Article: Procrastination
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In a study of academic procrastination from the University of Vermont, published in 1984, 46% of the subjects reported that they "always" or "nearly always" procrastinate writing papers, while approximately 30% reported procrastinating studying for exams and reading weekly assignments (by 28% and 30% respectively). Nearly a quarter of the subjects reported that procrastination was a problem for them regarding the same tasks. However, as many as 65% indicated that they would like to reduce their procrastination when writing papers and approximately 62% indicated the same for studying for exams and 55% for reading weekly assignments.[9]

A 1992 study showed that "52% of surveyed students indicated having a moderate to high need for help concerning procrastination."[10] It is estimated that 80–95% of college students engage in procrastination, and approximately 75% consider themselves procrastinators.

A study done in 2004 shows that 70% of university students categorized themselves as procrastinators while a 1984 study showed that 50% of the students would procrastinate consistently and considered it a major problem in their lives.

In a study performed on university students, procrastination was shown to be greater on tasks that were perceived as unpleasant or as impositions than on tasks for which the student believed they lacked the required skills for accomplishing the task.[11]

Another point of relevance is that of procrastination in industry. A study: The Impact of Organizational and Personal Factors on Procrastination in Employees of a Modern Russian Industrial Enterprise published in the Psychology in Russia: State of the Art journal, helped to identify the many factors that affected employees' procrastination habits. Some of these include intensity of performance evaluations, importance of their duty within a company, and their perception and opinions on management and/or upper-level decisions.[12]

Procrastinators have been found to receive worse grades than non-procrastinators. Tice and Baumeister (1997) report that more than one-third of the variation in final exam scores could be attributed to procrastination. The negative association between procrastination and academic performance is recurring and consistent. The students in the study not only received poor academic grades, but they also reported high levels of stress and poor self-health. Howell et al. (2006) found that, though scores on two widely used procrastination scales[9][45] were not significantly associated with the grade received for an assignment, self-report measures of procrastination on the assessment itself were negatively associated with grade.[46]

In 2005, a study conducted by Angela Chu and Jin Nam Choi and published in the Journal of Social Psychology intended to understand task performance among procrastinators with the definition of procrastination as the absence of self-regulated performance, from the 1977 work of Ellis & Knaus. In their study, they identified two types of procrastination: the traditional procrastination which they denote as passive, and active procrastination where the person finds the enjoyment of a goal-oriented activity only under pressure. The study calls this active procrastination positive procrastination, as it is a functioning state in a self-handicapping environment. In addition, it was observed that active procrastinators have more realistic perceptions of time and perceive more control over their time than passive procrastinators, which is considered a major differentiator between the two types. Due to this observation, active procrastinators are much more similar to non-procrastinators as they have a better sense of purpose in their time use and possess efficient time-structuring behaviors. But surprisingly, active and passive procrastinators showed similar levels of academic performance. The population of the study was college students and the majority of the sample size were women and Asian in origin. Comparisons with chronic pathological procrastination traits were avoided.[47]

For some people, procrastination can be persistent and tremendously disruptive to everyday life. For these individuals, procrastination may be symptomatic of a psychological disorder. Procrastination has been linked to a number of negative associations, such as depression, irrational behaviour, low self-esteem, anxiety and neurological disorders such as ADHD. Others have found relationships with guilt and stress. Therefore, it is important for people whose procrastination has become chronic and is perceived to be debilitating to seek out a trained therapist or psychiatrist to investigate whether an underlying mental health issue may be present.

With a distant deadline, procrastinators report significantly less stress and physical illness than do non-procrastinators. However, as the deadline approaches, this relationship is reversed. Procrastinators report more stress, more symptoms of physical illness, and more medical visits, to the extent that, overall, procrastinators suffer more stress and health problems. '''Procrastination also has the ability to increase perfectionism and neuroticism, while decreasing conscientiousness and optimism. '''

== Peer Review: Soha & Sabrina: Citations were really reliable. Good job. The first sentences you bolded and cited. I can not see where you have gotten that information from. If I have missed it, then that sentence is placed greatly and the information is on spot. The second is not cited and seems like a sentence you made up. Also the third sentence was not cited either. I think wiki is about facts not really opinions. Because if you think about it when I go on to Wiki.... I want the answer. The answer might not be accurate, but I still get a solid answer. So I would keep that in mind. ==

== Vandi & Luka: Your citations just brought us to the introduction and abstract page. Try to get the correct link onto your page. Your second paragraphs the last sentence doesn't need to be included, it comes out of nowhere and talks about a totally different thing. Other than that your sentences are in the right place and you used the citations correctly. ==

Ahmad, Melissa, Hannah
Great sources. Clear direct explanation of the subject you chose. Good positioning of information. Use of same source twice should fall to the same citation.