User:Haniumme/sandbox

Learning is universal, never ending process. Learning is an enrichment of experience. There is interaction of environment and the organism. Learning is affected by number of factors which may be external and internal.Internal and external factors are further divided into numerous sub-factors.


 * Heredity: A classroom teacher can neither change nor increase heredity, but the student can use it and develop it. Some children are rich in hereditary endowment while others are poor. Each child is unique and has different abilities. The native intelligence is different in individuals. Heredity governs or conditions our ability to learn and the rate of learning. The intelligent children can establish and see relationship very easily and more quickly. Opportunities does not knock the door, but every individual has to knock the door of opportunity and grab it. Opportunity should be used in a very nice manner and in a useful way. Attempts should be made to see that the children get opportunities to use and develop their hereditary endowment.
 * Status of students : at home ie. Physical and home conditions also matter: Certain problems like malnutrition ie; inadequate supply of nutrients to the body, fatigue ie; tiredness, bodily weakness, and bad health are a great obstructers in learning. These are some of the physical conditions by which a student can get affected. Home is a place where a family lives. If the home conditions are not proper, the child is affected seriously. Some of the home conditions are bad ventilation, unhygienic living, bad light, etc. These affect the child and its rate of learning. ,

INTERNAL FACTORS: ,


 * 1) Goals or purposes: Each and everyone has a goal. A goal should be set to each pupil according to the standard expected to him. A goal is an aim or desired result. There are 2 types of goals called immediate and distant goals. The goal which occurs or done at once is called immediate goals and distant goals are those which requires sometime to achieve them. Immediate goals should be set before the small children and distant goals for older ones. Goals should be very specific, clear, so that the children will understand clearly.
 * 2) Motivational behavior: Motivation means to provide with a motive. Motivation  Children should be motivated so that they stimulate themselves with interest. It is a behavior which arouses and regulates the internal energies of the student.
 * 3) Interest: It is a quality which arouses a feeling. It encourages to move over tasks  further. During teaching, the teacher must arise interests among students through which best learning takes place. Interest is an apparent ( clearly seen or understood) behaviour.
 * 4) Attention: Attention means consideration. It is concentration or focusing of consciousness upon one object or an idea. If effective learning should take place attention is very essential. Teacher must secure the attention of the student.
 * 5) Drill or practice: This method includes repiting the tasks “n” number of times like needs, phrases, principles, etc. This makes learning more effective.
 * 6) Fatigue: Generally there are 3 types of fatigue ie; muscular, sensory and mental. Muscular and sensory fatigues are designated as bodily fatigue. Mental fatigue is referred to the Central nervous system. The remedy will be to change the methods of teaching and use of audio-visual aids, etc.
 * 7) Aptitude:  It is a natural ability. It is a condition in which an individuals ability to acquire certain skills, knowledge through training.
 * 8) Attitude: It is a way of thinking. The attitude of the child must be tested to find out how much inclination he or she has for learning a subject or topic.
 * 9) Emotional conditions: Emotions are strong feelings. When a child answers to a  question properly or gives good results, he or she must be praised. This will increase their ability and this encouragement will help them to show more better results. Generally they develop confidence. We must discard certain attitude like always finding a fault in a students answer, provoking, embarrassing the child in front of the whole class. If you do so then the child develops fear and feelings of insecurity and inferiority.
 * 10) Speed, Accuracy and retention: Speed is the rapidity of movement.Retention is the act of retaining. These 3 elements depend upon aptitude, attitude, interest, attention and motivation of the students.
 * 11) Learning activities: Learning depends upon the activities and experiences provided by the teacher, his concept of discipline, methods of teaching and above all his overall personality.
 * 12) Testing: Individual differences of  children which are the heart of effective learning are measured by various kinds of test. The use of tests goes a long way in eliminating a great deal of subjective element of measuring pupil differences and performances.
 * 13) Guidance: Everyone needs guidance in some part or some time in life. Some need it constantly and some very rarely depending on the students conditions. Small childrens need more guidance. Guidance is an advice to solve a problem. Guidance involves the art of helping boys and girls in various aspects of academics, improving vocational aspects like choosing careers and recreational aspects like choosing hobbies. Guidance covers the whole gamut of childrens problems- learning as well as non- learning.

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Category: Education Category:Learning