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Wiki Reproductive Success
Males and females should be considered separtely in reproduction success for their different limitations in producing the maximum amount of offspring. Females have limiatations such as, gestation time (typically 9 months), then followed by lactation which supresses ovulation and her chances of becoming pregnant again quickly. In addition, a females ultimate reproductive success is limited due to ability to distribute her time and energy towards reproducing. Peter T. Ellison states, "The metabolic task of converting energy from the environment into viable offspring falls to the female, and the rate at which she can produce offspring is limited by the rate at which she can direct metabolic energy to the task" The reasoning for the transfer of energy from one category to another takes away from each individual category overall. For example, if a female has not reached menarche yet, she will only need to be focusing her energy into growth and mantienance because she cannot yet place energy towards reproducing. However, once a female is ready to begin putting forth energy into reproduction she will then have less energy to put towards overall growth and maintenance.

Females have a constraint on the amount of energy they will need to put forth into reproduction. Since females go through gestation they have a set obligation for energy output into reproduction. Males, however, do no have this constraint and therefore could potentially put forth more offspring as their commitent of energy into reproduction is less than a females. All things considered, men and women are constrained for different reasons and the number of offspring they can produce. Males contrastingly are not constrained by the time and energy of gestation or lactation. Females are reliant on the genetic quality of their mate as well. This refers to sperm quality of the male and the compatibility of the sperms antigens with the females immune system. If the Humans in general, consider phenotypic traits that present their health and body symmetry. The pattern of constraints on female reprouction is consistent with human life-history and across all populations.

Drawbacks from human reproduction success, and being able to study it is it's high variability. Every person, male or female, is different, especially when it comes to reproductive success and also fertility. Reproductive success is determined not only by behavior (choices), but also physsicological variables that cannot be controlled.

The Blurnton-Jones 'backload model' "tested a hypothesis that the length of the birth intervals of !Kung hunter-gatherers allowed women to balance optimally the energetic demands of child bearing and foraging in a society where women had to carry small children and foraged substancial distances". Behind this hypothesis is the fact that spacing birth intervals allowed for a better chance of child survival and that ultimately promoted evolutinary fitness. This hypothesis goes along with the evolutionary trend of having three areas to divide up one's indiviudal energy: growth, maintenance, and reproduction. This hypothesis is good for gaining an understanding of "individual-level variation in fertility in small-scale, high fertility, societies( sometimes referred to by demographers as 'natural-fertility' populations" . Reproduction success is hard to study as there are many different variables, and a lot of the concept is subject to each condition and enviornment.