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The Ovalentaria (Lat. "Ovum" = egg, "lentae" = sticky or chewy) are a species-rich fish taxon (a systematic group) from the group of Percomorpha. The Ovalentaria include large groups of tropical freshwater fish like the Cichlids and Cyprinodontiformes, resident of coral reefs (Pomacentridae and Blennioidei) and taxa for which both marine fish as also brackish - and freshwater fish e are (Ambassidae, mullet and Silverside Related). Authors of the in 2012 established taxon are William Leo Smith of Field Museum of Natural History and Thomas J. Near of Peabody Museum of Natural History. The taxon includes more than 4800 species in 40 families, or 27% of the perch family and 16% of all fish species from the class of Actinopterygii. The close relationship of these outwardly different groups based on molecular studies and is only morphological features based on the eggs of animals.

The monophyly of parts of Ovalentaria was found in earlier phylogenetics work. but none of these studies included all taxa of this clade.

Most here, a group of ichthyologists of Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, who found a kinship group similar in composition to the Ovalentaria and proposed to form a new order, it "name Stiassnyiformes gave

, in honor of curator Natural in the Department of Ichthyology at the American Museum of History Melanie Stiassny, who suspected as early as 1993 that are related to the mullets with groupers and Guppys. They waived, however, a formal first description, and did not account for the principle of biological ranks, the one  order not (eg the killifishes and live bearers (Cyprinodontiformes)) may belong to a different order.

Definition
The Ovalentaria are a node-based taxon including the most recent common ancestor of Ambassis urotaenia, Mugil cephalus, Embiotoca lateralis, Pseudochromis fridmani, Gobiesox maeandricus, Gillellus semicinctus, Polycentrus schomburgkii, Pholidichthys leucotaenia, Cichla temensis, Labidesthes sicculus, Gambusia affinis und Oryzias latipes and all descendants of that ancestor.

Merkmale
The defining feature of Ovalentaria are falling to the ground eggs, which adhere with adhesive filaments. In five taxa of Ovalentaria, at the surf perch s, the Zenarchopteridae, the Hochlandkärpflinge s, the viviparous tooth carp and some  scaly blennies] ], it came to the development of [[viviparity (Latin for "viviparus" = viviparous). The viviparity must be secondary in these cases and have developed independently. In others, secondary pelagic developed e eggs (Flying Fish and some garfish), or the pressure-sensitive adhesive filaments were lost again (at the mullet). Within Ovalentaria intensive parental care is found in many taxa (eg the cichlids and Pholidichthys ).

In addition, many species share Ovalentaria in some of the following features that are not in the Diagnosis of the entire clade but can be used for important lines within the Ovalentaria.


 * 1) Verlust der Interarcual-Knorpels, eines Knorpels zwischen Epibranchiale I und Pharyngobranchiale II (Knochen des Kiemenbogenskeletts).
 * 2) Verlust von Neuralfortsätzen (Supraneuralia).
 * 3) a reduced number of Pharyngobranchialia.
 * 4) a reduced number of Branchiostegalstrahlen.
 * 5) the fusion of some parts of the tail fins Kletts.

Systematik


The Ovalentaria are in a sister group to a clade of Carangomorpha (crevalle Related and flatfish) and Anabantiformes (Labyrinth Fish, snakeheads and Synbranchiformes). All three taxa together are the sister group of the remaining "perch n", scorpion-like s and stickleback-like n

Das folgende Kladogramm gibt verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen aller zu den Ovalentaria gehörenden Taxa wieder:

Literatur

 * Peter C. Wainwright, W. Leo Smith, Samantha A. Price, Kevin L. Tang, John S. Sparks, Lara A. Ferry, Kristen L. Kuhn, Ron I. Eytan & Thomas J. Near: The Evolution of Pharyngognathy: A Phylogenetic and Functional Appraisal of the Pharyngeal Jaw Key Innovation in Labroid fishes and Beyond. Syst Biol (2012)