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The timber industry is a significant contributor to the economy of Russia, worth around 20 billion dollars per year. Russian Forest Industry - a set of Russian industries related to wood harvesting and processing. One of the oldest sectors of the economy.

On the territory of Russia is 1/4 of the world's reserves of wood. According to data for 2015 the total forest area has exceeded 885 million hectares, representing 45% of the total area of the country. At the same time the stock of wood was in the area of 82 billion cubic meters. The main share of coniferous tree species comprises: pine, spruce, larch, cedar.

Forest Fund of Russia can be divided into four main groups:

Waterproof, field, reserve, recreational forests. In this area can be carried out only sanitary felling of trees in order to improve the overall condition of the forest. Forest areas, which allowed selective cutting, not exceeding volume growth for the year. Operating forests, they can use the clear cutting. Timber industry as chemical, differs quite a complicated structure. Conventionally, all branches of forest complex can be divided into four groups:

Logging industry - timber harvesting; Wood industry - mechanical and chemical-mechanical treatment and processing of wood. Of plate production, furniture production, production of lumber and so on; Pulp and paper industry - mainly chemical processing of wood, pulp, paper and cardboard; Wood chemical industry - production of charcoal, rosin and turpentine.

Russia has more than a fifth of the world's forests, which makes it the largest forest country in the world. Russia supplies the wood to the whole world However, according to a 2012 study by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation, the considerable potential of Russian forests is underutilized and Russia's share of the global trade in forest products is less than four percent.

Sectors included in the timber industry, as part of the Russian industrial production are in seventh place in terms of production and fifth in terms of exports. [2] The most important role the forest industry plays is in the economies of the European countries of the North, in the vast territories of Eastern and Western Siberia and the Far East timber complex inferior fuel industry and metallurgy.

The main product of the industry is now the timber, whose share among the total volume of exported timber is approximately 75 - 80%. Logging industry is considered to be the basic direction of the whole forest complex. By the end of the 1980s, the USSR ranked second in the world in the export of wood, behind only the United States. As a result of numerous economic changes over the past decade, Russia has moved on 6 - 7th place in this index.

As in other industries in Russia, based on the extraction of raw materials and the resumption of raw materials in the timber industry a significant proportion of revenue is formed by the export of raw materials sawing logs. For a long time Russia was the main supplier of wood raw material in Europe

According to analyst group of companies Lesprom Network, the Russian government's decision to raise export duty on roundwood in July 2007 by 20%, and April 2008, 25% resulted in a decrease in the competitiveness of Russian companies-exporters in world markets. In the second half of 2008, amid the global economic crisis, the volume of construction fell sharply in Japan, China and Western Europe, production volumes declined substantially in the major economic sectors that consume the wood.

In 2008, the volume of timber in Russia decreased by 14.4% compared with 2007. Production growth in the wood was 1.4%, in the pulp and paper production, publishing and printing - 0.8%.

The net profit Russian forest industry companies in 2008 fell sharply, evidenced by an annual ranking of the 50 largest companies data Russian timber industry, published by the magazine "Forest Industry". Total revenue companies included in the Top 50 "Forest Industry" in 2008 amounted to 216.34 billion rubles. In the 10 largest companies account for more than 70% of total revenue. The total net profit of 50 rated companies reached 6.26 billion rubles. The proportion of companies that are engaged exclusively in the processing of wood without pulp and paper production amounted to slightly more than 27% of total revenue, while total net profit - 26.8%.

In addition to country-specific, there are common features of development of the industry: increase in market share of goods substitutes and reduced share of wood and paper products. For example, the appearance of plastic packaging has reduced the consumption of paper, and the development of the Internet has led to a reduction in the consumption of newsprint.

In Russia, there is no private ownership of forest land, which is replaced by a long-term lease of forest land for recreational and logging purposes. However, in some countries there is private ownership of the land. For example, in the US management of forest land - this is a big business volume of more than $500 billion forest land in the country cover about 500 million acres, of which 53% belong to private owners who are not manufacturers, 30% are in the public domain, 4% owned by industrialists. and 8% owned by financial investors.