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Swima bombiviridis, known as the green bomber worm, is a marine annelid. It gets its name from its exceptional swimming ability and the green bioluminescent “orbs” attached to its body that it can release as a means of distracting predators, allowing for an opportunity to escape. It is a polychaete worm belonging to the acrocirridae family, with unsegmented appendages and bristles called setae.

Description
S. bombiviridis belongs to a clade that is morphologically distinct from other swimming acrocirrids by their transparent bodies, and single medial subulate branchiae. The acrocirridae are closely related to the flabelligeridae, a sister groups of worms While species of Swima live in the ocean sediment, others remain suspended up to 444 meters above the sea floor. S. Bombiviridis is further characterized by a gelatinous sheath and elliptical branchiae that it uses to drop 1mm long bioluminescent ‘bombs’ that luminesce for several seconds. They can grow over 30mm in length and 5 mm in width, making them relatively large in comparison to other worms of the acrocirrid family. They are also distinguished from other members of the acrocirridae, which consist of 8 genera of tiny, benthic worms that are immobile.

Distribution and Habitat
S. bombiviridis resides at depths up to 3600 meters and was first recorded off the coast of Monterey Bay, California. Since then, they have only been found between 1-450 meters above the sea floor. They are holopelagic, which means they remain pelagic throughout their entire life cycle, existing exclusively in the water column.

The worms are not uncommon; they travel in groups by the hundreds, however, the remoteness of their habitat renders them incredibly challenging to investigate. Greg Rouse notes that each of the seven species in its clade exhibits various intricate head appendages. These appendages contain “bombs”, spheres that burst into light when released. The bombs evolved from gills, since they are in the same location as the gills, which can fall off easily. It remains unclear why this adaptation may have occurred. The implications of this evolutionary benefit may provide insight about how the environment of the S. bombiviridis, shapes the nature of its anatomical features.

Morphology
S. bombiviridis are mobile deep sea acrocirrid worms that have 30 bristles made of chitin, or chaetae on each parapodium. They use these bristles to propel through the water by lateral undulation in combination with a power stroke and a recovery stroke.

S. bombiviridis only releases a few bioluminescent bombs at once upon mechanical stimulation along its length. Microscopy of the ‘bombs’ reveals that they contain hemolymph filled sacs separated by central chambers. These most likely evolved from homologous branchiae. Although it has not been confirmed, S. bombiviridis employs this ability as a mechanism of distraction, parallel to squid that release bioluminescent liquid to escape their predators. This is to be expected based on the many polychaetes that use bioluminescence for evasion. Furthermore, the bombs are unlikely to be used for reproduction due to the nature of this release, and due to the fact that these appendages are observed in both juvenile and adult forms.

Discovery
Discovered in 2009 by scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego, S bombiviridis was first mentioned in the August issue of the journal Science pioneered by Karen Osborn. Osborn and her team introduced this organism alongside seven new species of worm, forming a new clade of marine worms within acrocirridae. This includes the Tawi-Tawi bomber, the Shining bomber, the Horned bomber, the Tiburon Bomber, the Squidworm, and the Juanita worm, which are all swimming organisms.