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= Wikipedia Project = Global Ageing Reviews List

Cochrane Reviews List

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Effectiveness of school-based programs to reduce bullying perpetration and victimization: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

The current literature identifies that school-based anti-bullying programs are effective in reducing bullying perpetration and bullying victimization by ~15%, based on moderate-quality evidence. However, as there is variation among the many programs, further research is required to explore this and come to conclusions on the specific features that make these programs effective.

Knee length versus thigh length graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis in postoperative surgical patients
The current literature is still unclear to determine whether or not knee length or thigh length compression stockings differ in effectiveness of preventing deep vein thrombosis among hospital patients. It is recommended to decide between the two on factors such as ease of use, cost implications, and patient compliance. Further research in this area is needed as current body of evidence is of low quality.


 * compression stockings
 * deep vein thrombosis

Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease
The latest evidence suggests that primary pulmonary rehabilitation and maintenance rehabilitation delivered through telerehabilitation for people with chronic respiratory disease reaches outcomes similar to centre-based rehabilitation. While there are no safety issues identified, the findings are based on evidence limited by a small number of studies.


 * telerehabilitation
 * chronic respiratory disease

Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
Antibiotics may help patients with coronary disease to reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes. However, the latest evidence suggests that antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease are harmful with increased mortality and occurrence of stroke. So, the use of antibiotics is not currently supported for preventing secondary coronary heart disease.


 * antibiotics
 * prevention of coronary heart disease

Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Overall, the current body of scientific evidence is uncertain on whether intermittent fasting could prevent cardiovascular disease. A 2021 Cochrane review found that intermittent fasting may help people lose more weight than regular eating patterns, but was not different than energy restriction diets.


 * intermittent fasting
 * cardiovascular disease

Advance care planning for adults with heart failure
The latest evidence indicates that advance care planning (ACP) may help to increase documentation by medical staff regarding discussions with participants, and improve an individual's depression. This involves discussing an individual's future care plan in consideration of the individual's preferences and values. The findings are however, based on low-quality evidence as there is a need for further evidence from large studies to fully explore the effects of ACP for older adults.


 * advance care planning
 * heart failure

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in heart transplant recipients
The current body of evidence indicates that exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves exercise capacity in heart transplant patients. It is also safe among heart transplant recipients and has no impact on health-related quality of life in the short-term. The findings are based on moderate quality evidence as further research needs to be done on the long-term impact (e.x., risk of death and hospital admission).


 * exercise rehabilitation
 * cardiac rehabilitation

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery
The current body of evidence indicates that exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves exercise capacity in patients who have undergone heart valve surgery. The findings are based on limited evidence as further research is needed on patient-relevant outcomes (e.x., mortality and quality of life).


 * exercise rehabilitation
 * cardiac rehabilitation

Motor imagery for gait rehabilitation after stroke
The latest evidence supports the short-term benefits of motor imagery (MI) on walking speed in individuals who have had a stroke, in comparison to other therapies. MI does not improve motor function after stroke and does not seem to cause significant adverse events. The findings are based on low-quality evidence as further research is needed to estimate the effect of MI on walking endurance and the dependence on personal assistance.


 * motor imagery
 * gait rehabilitation

Cognitive rehabilitation for attention deficits following stroke
The current body of scientific evidence is uncertain on the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for attention deficits in patients following stroke. While there may be an immediate effect after treatment on attention, the findings are based on low to moderate quality and small number of studies. Further research is needed to assess whether the effect can be sustained in day-to-day tasks requiring attention.


 * cognitive rehabilitation
 * stroke::attention deficits

Action observation for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke
The latest scientific evidence indicates that action observation is beneficial in improving upper limb motor function and dependence in activities of daily living in patients with stroke. Thus, action observation therapy is generally associated with better arm and hand function, with no significant adverse events. The findings are based on low to moderate quality evidence.

action observation

stroke::upper limb rehabilitation

Yoga for stroke rehabilitation
Based on low quality evidence, it is currently uncertain whether yoga has a significant benefit for stroke rehabilitation on measures of quality of life, balance, strength, endurance, pain, and disability scores. Yoga may reduce anxiety and could be included as part of patient-centred stroke rehabilitation. Further research is needed assessing the benefits and safety of yoga in stroke rehabilitation.


 * yoga
 * stroke rehabilitation

Rehabilitation for improving automobile driving after stroke
The current body of evidence is uncertain whether the use of rehabilitation can improve on-road driving skills following stroke. There is limited evidence that training on a driving simulator will improve performance on recognizing road signs after training. The findings are based on low-quality evidence as further research is needed involving large numbers of participants.


 * stroke rehabilitation::automobile driving

Cognitive rehabilitation for spatial neglect following stroke
The current body of evidence is uncertain on the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation for reducing the disabling effects of neglect and increasing independence remains unproven. However, there is limited evidence that cognitive rehabilitation may have an immediate beneficial effect on tests of neglect. Overall, no rehabilitation approach can be supported by evidence for spatial neglect.


 * cognitive rehabilitation
 * stroke::spatial neglect

Physical rehabilitation for older people in long-term care
The current body of evidence suggests that physical rehabilitation may be effective for long-term care residents in reducing disability with few adverse events. However, there is insufficient to conclude whether the beneficial effects are sustainable and cost-effective. The findings are based on moderate quality evidence.


 * physical rehabilitation
 * long-term care

Withdrawal of anti-hypertensive drugs in older people
The latest evidence does not have evidence of an effect due to discontinuing vs continuing medications used for treating elevated blood pressure or prevention of heart disease in older adults on all-case mortality and incidence of heart attack. The findings are based on low quality evidence suggesting it may be safe to stop anti-hypertensive medications. However, older adults should not stop any of their medications without talking to a healthcare professional.


 * anti-hypertensive medications
 * medication discontinuation
 * drug withdrawal

Interventions for age-related visual problems in patients with stroke
With the prevalence of vision problems increasing with age in stroke patients, the overall effect of interventions for age-related visual problems is currently uncertain. It is also not sure whether people with stroke respond differently from the general population when treating eye problems. Further research in this area is needed as current body of evidence is very low quality.


 * visual problems
 * stroke patients

Physical rehabilitation for older people in long-term care
Physical rehabilitation can prevent deterioration in health and activities of daily living among care home residents. The current evidence suggests benefits to physical health from participating in different types of physical rehabilitation to improve daily living, strength, flexibility, balance, mood, memory, exercise tolerance, fear of falling, injuries, and death. It may be both safe and effective in improving physical and possibly mental state, while reducing disability with few adverse events.


 * long-term care
 * physical rehabilitation

Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults
The latest evidence suggests that there may be little or no difference between screws and fixed angle plates as internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults. The findings are based on low quality evidence that can't firmly conclude major difference in hip function, quality of life, and additional surgery.


 * hip fractures

Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness
Following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness, the overall effect of exercise rehabilitation is currently uncertain. Further research in this area is needed as current body of evidence is very low quality.


 * hospital-based acute care

Intravenous iron therapy for non-anaemic, iron-deficient adults
Current evidence is limited to base any recommendations that intravenous iron therapy is beneficial for treating non-anaemic, iron-deficient adults. Further research in this area is needed as current body of evidence is very low quality.


 * iron deficiency

Continuation and maintenance treatments for depression in older people
A 2016 Cochrane review provided limited evidence that continuing antidepressant medication for one year seems to reduce the risk of depression recurrence with no additional harm. However, a robust recommendation can not be drawn about psychological treatments or combination treatments in preventing recurrence.


 * late life depression
 * depression (mood)

Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long-term care
The current evidence suggests that software-based interventions to identify medications that could contribute to delirium risk and recommend a pharmacist's medication review probably reduces incidence of delirium in older adults in long-term care. The benefits of hydration reminders and education on risk factors and care homes' solutions for reducing delirium is still uncertain.


 * long-term care for seniors
 * delirium (create a new heading for long-term care)

Carbohydrates for improving the cognitive performance of independent-living older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment
There is currently limited evidence to form a strong conclusion to recommend the use of any form of carbohydrate in preventing or reducing cognitive decline in older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment. So, more large and higher quality evidence is needed to evaluate memory improvement and find nutritional issues due to carbohydrates.


 * mild cognitive impairment
 * independent living for seniors
 * nutrition

Cognition-based interventions for healthy older people and people with mild cognitive impairment
Current evidence suggests that cognition-based interventions do improve mental performance (i.e. memory, executive function, attention, and speed) in older adults and people with mild cognitive impairment. Especially, immediate and delayed verbal recall resulted in higher performance gains from memory training.


 * cognition-based interventions
 * mild cognitive impairment

Interventions for involving older patients with multi-morbidity in decision-making during primary care consultations
There is currently limited evidence to form a robust conclusion that involving older patients with multiple health conditions in decision-making during primary care consultations has benefits. Examples of patient involvement in decision-making about their health care include patient workshops and coaching, individual patient coaching. Further research in this developing area is needed.


 * Primary care decision-making::involvement
 * Palliative care::decision-making

Tourniquet use for knee replacement surgery
The current body of evidence suggests if a tourniquet is used in knee replacement surgery, it probably increases the risk of severe side effects and postoperative pain. The evidence did not show any clear benefit on patient function, treatment success, or quality of life.


 * Knee replacement surgery::tourniquet use
 * Tourniquet use::knee replacement surgery

Shoulder replacement surgery for osteoarthritis and rotator cuff tear arthoropathy
The latest evidence suggests that one type of should replacement surgery may result in better function at two years, compared with humeral hemiarthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis. It highlighted the current lack of high-quality evidence, so it is unsure which type of should replacement surgery is most effective in different situations.


 * Shoulder replacement surgery::treatment usage
 * Osteoarthritis::shoulder replacement surgery
 * Rotator cuff tear arthroropathy::shoulder replacement surgery

Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis
There is currently low-quality evidence suggesting if adjunctive systemic antimicrobials are beneficial for the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. It is not sure whether some antibiotics are better than others when used alongside scaling and root planning).


 * Periodontitis::adjunctive systemtic antimicrobials
 * Adjunctive systemtic antimicrobials::Periodontitis

eHealth interventions for people with chronic kidney disease ✅
There is currently limited evidence suggesting that eHealth interventions may improve dietary sodium intake and fluid management for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The findings are based on low certainty evidence of 43 studies. So, more large and higher quality research studies are needed to understand the impact of eHealth on the health of people with CKD.


 * Chronic kidney disease::eHealth interventions
 * eHealth interventions::chronic kidney disease

Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long-term care
A 2018 Cochrane Review found that offering personally tailored activity sessions to people with dementia in long-term care homes may help manage challenging behaviour. No evidence supported the idea that activities were better if they matched the individual interests of people. The findings are based on low certainty evidence from eight studies.


 * Dementia long-term care::activities interventions
 * Hospital care::dementia

Assistive technology for memory support in dementia
A 2017 Cochrane Review highlighted the current lack of high-quality evidence to determine whether assistive technology effectively supports people with dementia to manage memory issues. Thus, it is not presently sure whether or not assistive technology is beneficial for memory problems.


 * Dementia care::assistive technology
 * Assistive technology::dementia care

Cognitive training interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
A 2020 Cochrane review found no certain evidence that cognitive training is beneficial for people with Parkinson’s disease, dementia or mild cognitive impairment. The findings are based on low certainty evidence of seven studies.


 * Parkinson’s disease::cognitive training intervention
 * Cognitive training::dementia

Modifying the consistency of food and fluids for swallowing difficulties in dementia
A 2018 Cochrane review found no certain evidence about the immediate and long-term effects of modifying the thickness of fluids for swallowing difficulties in people with dementia. While thickening fluids may have an immediate positive effect on swallowing and improving oral intake, the long-term impact on the health of the person with dementia should also be considered.


 * Dementia::dysphagia
 * Hospital care::dementia

Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia
A 2021 Cochrane review found that remotely delivered interventions including support, training and information may reduce the burden for the informal caregiver and improve their depressive symptoms. However, there is no certain evidence that they improve health-related quality of life. The findings are based on moderate certainty evidence from 26 studies.


 * Dementia::caregivers
 * Informal caregivers::dementia

Hospital at home: home-based end-of-life care
A 2021 Cochrane review supported that based upon high-certainty evidence, implementation of home-based end-of-life care programs may increase the number of adults who will die at home and slightly improve patient satisfaction at a one-month follow-up. The reviewed studies (4 RCTs) were unable to draw any conclusions on the impact of home-based end-of-life care on caregivers, healthcare staff, and health service costs are uncertain.


 * Palliative care wiki (end of life care)
 * Reference

Wound cleansing for treating venous leg ulcers
A 2021 Cochrane review was unable to conclude whether cleaning wounds is beneficial or whether wound cleaning solutions (polyhexamethylene biguanide, aqueous oxygen peroxide, etc.) are better than sterile water or saline solutions to help venous leg ulcers heal. It is also uncertain whether the choice of cleaning solution or method of application makes any difference to venous leg ulcer healing.


 * Wound
 * Leg ulcers

International travel-related control measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review
A 2021 Cochrane rapid review found that based upon low-certainty evidence, international travel-related control measures such as restricting cross-border travel may help to contain the spread of COVID-19. Additionally, symptom/exposure-based screening measures at borders may miss many positive cases. While test-based border screening measures may be more effective, it could also miss many positive cases if only conducted upon arrival without follow-up. The review concluded that a minimum 10-day quarantine may be beneficial in preventing the spread of COVID-19 and may be more effective if combined with an additional control measure like border screening.


 * Create subsection
 * Do reference

Templates
A 2020 Cochrane review found that offering personally tailored activities could help reduce challenging behaviour and may improve quality of life. The reviewed studies (5 RCTs with 262 participants) were unable to draw any conclusions about the impact on individual affect or on improvements for the quality of life for the caregiver.

The 2013 Cochrane Collaboration review on physical exercise for depression noted that, based upon limited evidence, it is more effective than a control intervention and comparable to psychological or antidepressant drug therapies. Three subsequent 2014 systematic reviews that included the Cochrane review in their analysis concluded with similar findings: one indicated that physical exercise is effective as an adjunct treatment (i.e., treatments that are used together) with antidepressant medication; the other two indicated that physical exercise has marked antidepressant effects and recommended the inclusion of physical activity as an adjunct treatment for mild-moderate depression and mental illness in general.

2015 Cochrane review, however, did not find evidence supporting a benefit. The quality of the underlying evidence was also poor. However, there is some evidence that school-based interventions can increase activity levels and fitness in children. Another Cochrane review found some evidence that certain types of exercise programmes, such as those involving gait, balance, coordination and functional tasks, can improve balance in older adults. Following progressive resistance training, older adults also respond with improved physical function. A Survey of brief interventions promoting physical activity found that they are cost-effective, although there are variations between studies.