User:Hassocks5489/LLB

As of June 2015, there were 252 locally listed buildings in Brighton and Hove, a coastal city in southeast England. The city council defines locally listed buildings as "buildings, parks and gardens considered to be of special interest, because of their local historic, architectural, design or townscape value". As well as defining the criteria for inclusion on the local list, the council is also responsible for administering the selection and deselection process and updating the list.

The city's local list includes historic buildings such as churches, houses and pubs; structures such as walls, railings and street furniture; and "historic parks and gardens". All periods of the city's development are represented, from agricultural buildings of the 18th century to Brutalist structures of the mid-1960s, including flats, a town hall and a church. Two categories of structure—lampposts and letterboxes—are assessed as a group because the city has many examples with common characteristics. Buildings and structures (also known in this context as "heritage assets") are assessed against criteria related to their historic and architectural interest and significance. Since the list was drawn up in 2015, some buildings have been upgraded to Grade II listed status, giving them national significance, while others have been demolished.

Planning context
Heritage asset is an umbrella term used in national planning policy to describe "a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions because of its heritage interest. [The term] includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing)". Designated heritage assets include buildings and other features which have been recognised as nationally important and added to statutory registers: for example, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, historic wreck sites and Grade I, II* and II listed buildings.

Locally listed buildings are defined as "non-designated heritage assets". They are granted this status by their local authority (Brighton and Hove City Council in the case of the city of Brighton and Hove) rather than by national government, and they do not receive additional protection against alteration or demolition. However, when planning permission is sought in respect of alterations to a locally listed building, its status forms a "material consideration" in the decision-making process: "greater emphasis will be placed on ensuring the proposed development conserves and/or enhances the special interest of [the locally listed building], including its setting". Furthermore, the conservation of locally listed buildings is an objective of the government's National Planning Policy Framework.

Brighton and Hove City Council started a review of the existing local lists in 2013. Two lists existed: one covering the former Borough of Brighton, and another consisting of buildings in the former Borough of Hove. Assets on both lists were reassessed to determine whether they still met the criteria, and the public were asked to nominate buildings they considered worthy of listing. A draft list was then drawn up, consultation was undertaken with the public and other interested parties, and the finalised list was adopted on 18 June 2015. The council will undertake reviews at five-yearly intervals, reassessing the assets on the list and seeking additional nominations.

All assets on the list have to meet at least two criteria for interest and one for significance. There is also a non-mandatory communal value criterion:
 * Interest criteria
 * Architectural, artistic and design interest: this relates to the aesthetic value of the asset, based on its artistic or architectural merits.
 * Historic and evidential interest: buildings associated with "a notable individual, group or historic event of regional and/or national importance", or which demonstrate how Brighton and Hove developed, fit this criterion.
 * Townscape interest: this criterion covers local landmarks, architecturally important buildings outside conservation areas, and buildings within conservation areas which stand out from their surroundings because of their architecture or building materials.
 * Significance criteria
 * Rarity and representativeness: this covers heritage assets which are unusual in the city in relation to their form, architectural style, building type or date, or which represent "the legacy of a particular individual, group, architect or company".
 * Intactness: heritage assets which retain all or most of their original features (or elements which identify the stages of their development), or which are still used for their original purpose, fit this criterion.
 * Communal value criterion
 * This non-mandatory criterion reflects how a building "forms a source of local identity and/or distinctiveness for the community" or "retains commemorative, symbolic and/or spiritual value".

Alterations to the list
Two buildings which were on the 2015 revision of the local list have subsequently been upgraded to Grade II status and are now granted statutory protection. They are 25 Montague Place in the Kemptown area of Brighton, now listed under the name Former electric bus garage and re-charging station for the Brighton, Hove and Preston United Omnibus Co Ltd, 25 Montague Place, Brighton, and the former Dyke Tavern in Prestonville, now listed under the name Former Dyke Road Hotel, 218 Dyke Road, Brighton.

The former school building at 6 Locks Hill in Portslade has been demolished and replaced by houses. Medina House on Hove seafront was demolished in 2018 and replaced with a new house of a similar design.

Local context
Nearly 40 of the city's locally listed buildings are pubs. Two have been converted from other uses: All Bar One (2–3 Pavilion Buildings) is a former newspaper office, while the Bow Street Runner was originally either a police station or a fire station. Pubs built next to the railway stations at Hove (The Station), Portslade (The Whistlestop Inn), Preston Park (The Station Hotel) and London Road (The Signalman) are all on the local list, as are three in the immediate vicinity of Brighton station (The Grand Central, The Queen's Head and The Royal Standard). Large purpose-built pubs of the interwar era on new residential estates are represented on the local list by the Downs Hotel at Woodingdean and both the Ladies Mile Hotel and the Long Man pub in Patcham. Of the same era are several rebuilds of older premises—the Admiral at Elm Grove, and the Brunswick and the Ginger Pig in Hove—and the newly built Good Companions at Brighton and Queen Victoria at Rottingdean. Most of the locally listed pubs date from the second half of the 19th century, though: again they are either rebuilds of even older premises (such as the Bear Inn on Bear Road, the Jolly Brewer on Ditchling Road and the Albion in Hove) or contemporary with their residential surroundings. Examples of the latter include the Chimney House in the Prestonville area, the Cleveland Arms near Preston Park, the Fiveways and the Hollingbury in Hollingdean and the Horse and Groom, Islingword Inn and Montreal Arms in the dense terraced streets northeast of the city centre. Similarly, the late Victorian terraces of the Poets Corner area of Hove ***REF FROM ENC H&P*** features the locally listed George Payne and Poets Corner pubs.

Many other types of building and structure are represented on the local list. The early 19th-century gate piers associated with the Grade II-listed 8–9 Cavendish Place, with their intricately detailed ironwork, are included, as are two rare 1950s petrol pumps outside a now disused garage at Seven Dials. Railway infrastructure includes a road bridge in Hove and a cattle arch at Portslade, both built when the Brighton–Shoreham railway line opened in the 1840s. A 19th-century stone marker on Elm Grove showing the parish boundary of St Martin's Church is on the local list, as are a pair of bollards of the same era in the churchyard of St Nicholas' Church and two sets of railings on Hove seafront. Foredown Tower on the South Downs above Portslade is now a camera obscura but was originally the water tower of a now demolished isolation hospital.

Parks, gardens and open spaces can also be granted locally listed status. Examples in Brighton and Hove range from the formally planned gardens at the set-piece 19th-century residential developments of Park Crescent, Clifton Terrace, Brunswick Square, Adelaide Crescent and Palmeira Square to cemeteries and former burial grounds, and from parks such as Dyke Road Park, Hove Park and Blakers Park to the extensive stretches of informal open ground in central Brighton at Victoria Gardens and The Level.