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Australian University Sport is the key governing body of university sport in Australia (Australian University Sport, 2009). It is recognized in 41 universities across Australia, reaching over 1 million students (Australian University Sport, 2009). The aims of the organisation include; promoting university sport as part of university life, providing leadership and national policy in regards to university sport, facilitating sporting opportunities for students and representing the sporting needs of its members (Australian University Sport, 2009).

Initiative
The Australian University Sport’s most recognized event is its annual Australian University games (AUG), which is broken down further into Southern Uni games, Eastern Uni games and Northern Uni games depending on the location of the university (Australian University Sport, 2009). AUG began in 1993 and has grown to become Australia’s largest annual multi sport event. Held every September, the annual event is known for providing a friendly and competitive sporting environment for university athletes (Australian University Sport, 2009).

Health Issue
The games involve the temporary migration of thousands of uni students to one small town or city (this year the games are held on the Gold Coast) for one full week of competitive sport and socialising. The major health issues being addressed by the games are the promotion of physical activity for good health and the importance of socialising and network building amongst university students. The aim of the games is to promote competitive, organised sport and provide sporting opportunities for all students. However, due to the nature of the games and the average age of the uni students who attend, a number of social and behavioral problems occur as a byproduct of the games. Binge drinking is a common occurrence in young people across the globe with Australia being no exception (WHO, 2013). In 2005-06, young Australians had the highest hospital rates for intoxication from alcohol of any age group (ABS, 2012). The Australian University Games are taking steps towards addressing this issue, in 2012 they signed on to the Australian government’s ‘Be the Influence: Tackling Binge Drinking Campaign’, however further steps are necessary if they are to create a completely safe environment (ANPHA, 2013). These steps will be discussed in further detail in the final section of our report.

Pre-requisites for Health
According to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, a secure foundation in these the following conditions and resources lead to improvement in health: Peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. These prerequisites can be made favourable by acts of advocacy, enabling equal opportunities and mediation between different organisations and government bodies in society for the engaging health (WHO, 1986)

Target
Target population of Uni games is anyone who studies at one of the 41 participating universities, particularly those already in team sports hosted by sport clubs of each university. Uni games also appeal particularly to residents at university residential colleges. Team sports are particularly encouraged by residential colleges as there are many inter-college sports events throughout the year, and many students form their own teams and compete in sports such as netball and basketball. Residential students would therefore would be the main target of this program.

Accessibility
Accessibility is generally easy for this target population as they already reside at university, so any advertising for Uni games displayed will be seen and promoted at these colleges. Due to Uni games also being a reasonably large event, sports leaders generally would help with the organisation of participation of Uni games. However, due to the costs of registration, participation, accommodation and flights, many of the target population are excluded out of this event and are a vulnerable group to this particular program.

Stakeholders
There are a number of key stakeholders involved with Uni games. These include the organisers and event managers running Uni games, the government bodies that monitor the running and management of the program (Australian Sports Commission) and university personnel from participating universities.

Historical and Political Context
Uni Games is run annually by Australian University Sport. First held in 1993 in Brisbane, Queensland, Uni Games has grown to be the largest annual multi-sport event in Australia (Australian University Sport, 2012). Uni Games aims to bring together a large number of athletes and increase interest and involvement in multiple sports. Uni Games was first created as an alternative to the traditional style of sporting competitions in which each competition was run by the individual sport. Uni Games now has an average participation level of about 6000 athletes (Australian University Sport, 2012).

Environmental, Social, and Behavioural determinants
The World Health Organization defines the social determinants of health as, “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age” (WHO 2013). Lin, Smith and Fawkes (2009) outline a list of the key determinants of social health. Those relevant to The Australian University Games are; · 	stress (psychological and social), · 	social isolation, · 	social support, · 	and addiction (drugs alcohol and tobacco).

When these social determinants are inadequately addressed a range of psychosocial and behavioural risk factors can occur. These risk factors include; · 	low self esteem, · 	poor social networks, · 	alcohol abuse, · 	drug abuse · 	and unsafe sex (Lin, Smith and Fawkes 2009). According to Evans and Stoddart (1994) The social environment is a key factor in determining the behavioral actions of an individual. In the table below the social environment is interlinked with prosperity and well being which together shape an individual’s social health (Evans and Stoddart 1994) Evans and Stoddart 1994 Knowing this, the key stakeholders involved in The Australian University Games, such as the organisers, the government and the heads of the universities taking part, need to create a supportive social environment that is conducive to good health and free from risk factors. By signing up to the Australian government’s campaign; ‘Be the Influence: Tackling Binge Drinking Campaign’ in 2012, The Australian University Sport Organisation is recognizing the need for further action in the area (ANPHA, 2013). This campaign seeks to promote healthy and safe alcohol consumption through uniform branding, in venue advertising, social media and by utilizing athlete ambassadors to promote the campaign messages (ANPHA, 2013). I will use the World Health Organisation’s (2010) Accessability Evaluation Framework to evaluate the level to which the Australian University Games fosters social health promotion among university students. The accessability framework consists of three sections; geographical availabilty, affordability and socio-cultural acceptability. Availability: geographical availability refers to the ‘reach-ability’ of the program. That is the level of physical access that the target population has to the program. The Australian University Games are generally highly available for university students with over 41 university members reaching over 1 million students (Australian University Sport, 2009). However, more publicity and in-university advertising would increase the students knowledge and interest in the games. Affordability: As discussed in the behavioral determinant section of this report, the uni games are quite expensive. The destination of the university games changes every year and if it does not take place in the participant’s home state they are expected to pay for their own transport costs to get there. Participants are also required to pay for their accommodation, food and living expenses for the duration of the games. This can prove to be quite an expensive week, limiting the number of students who can actually afford to attend. Acceptability: The socio-cultural acceptability of the University Games varies depending on the social or cultural group in question. It can be generally stated that the party atmosphere of the games would be a deterrent for certain social and cultural groups. Environment determinants refer to the physical conditions of where one lives that influence the health status of an individual (WestOne, 2013). In our case, the physical conditions which impact upon the health status of students that will be residing together during the week of Uni games. Physical environmental factors that are applicable to Uni games include: - safe drinking water - clear air (passive smoking and car emissions) - safe houses (overcrowding, exposure to sickness) - safe communities(WHO, 1986) - food quality (unhygienic cooking facilities, lack of nutritional food) - waste management(WestOne, 2013).

One particular framework applicable to Uni games is for any passive smoking to be experienced by participants. Air quality for students participating could be interrupted by second hand tobacco smoke. World Health Organisation's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (BMC Public Health, 20120) is an international legally binding treaty to control tobacco use and states specific tobacco control measures are to be placed as to reduce the amount of smoking and passive smoking world wide. Review of the Uni games initiative using an appropriate evaluation framework: 3 E's. Effectiveness, efficiency and equity.

The Effectiveness and efficiency of Uni games in promoting good health and physical sport is contradicted by the lack of health promotion strategies in place to prevent the amount of binge drinking of alcohol that occurs throughout the duration of the program, therefore it is not effective, or efficient, in achieving the promotion of good health. Equity is also lacking due to the fact that vulnerable groups do not have access to the program and are prevented from participating due to the high costs involved.

Behavioural Determinants of Health encompass all of the lifestyle factors and choices that an individual makes throughout their life that may have an impact on their health. While Uni games promotes physical activity in a population group that usually participates in low levels of physical activity and a typically sedentary lifestyle. Due to the basic nature of Uni Games there are a few issues that relate to the behavioural determinants of health. Such a large gathering of people of the same demographic is always associated with a number of health issues. With the specific population group of young adults is “Binge Drinking”.

The most common definition of binge drinking is five or more standard drinks on one occasion at least once a month (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2006). Binge drinking can have a detrimental effect on health including impacts on cognitive functioning and severe neurodegeneration.

In the 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2008), 47.8% of the surveyed population aged 20-29 identified themselves as weekly drinkers. It was also found that individuals aged 20-29 were the population group most likely to consume alcohol at a high risk level that could have the biggest impact in the long term. Australian University Sport (AUS) outlines guidelines for the use of alcohol (Australian University Sport, 2012). While these guidelines prevent alcohol consumption at the actual venue during events it does not prevent competitors from drinking away from the event sites. This is an issue as there is no way to control the alcohol consumed away from the event. The key stakeholders need to be aware of the nature of the population group. Young adults have a tendency to participate in high risk behaviours and can be volatile and unpredictable. These types of behaviour are only exacerbated by the group mentality associated with large groups of people of a similar demographic. This initiative will be assessed based on a declaration taken from the Alma Ata convention in 1978 that supported the movement towards ‘health for all’. This declaration emphasised three key elements – Acceptability, Accessibility and Affordability. These can be applied to the Uni Games initiative.

The concept of Uni Games is culturally and socially acceptable. This initiative mirrors the Olympic Games, a well-known and respected event all over the world. Ensuring that cultural requirements are sufficiently addressed and any discrimination claims are thoroughly investigated and adequately dealt with is key to remaining acceptable. Uni Games is not affordable. To compete in Uni Games it costs over $100. Vulnerable groups including students of low SES or students living on campus would not be able to afford this and therefore may feel socially excluded. For those students who can afford the registration fee may still have to deal with further issues of social isolation as they may not be able to participate in the social activities and special events that come at an extra cost. As Uni Games is not affordable it is not accessible to everyone. Only those with enough money or social support can attend this event without social isolation or exclusion.

Reference List
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Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2008). 2007 National Drug Strategy and Household Survey: First Results. Retrieved from http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=6442459877

Australian National Preventative Health Agency. (2013). National binge drinking strategy. Retrieved from http://anpha.gov.au/internet/anpha/publishing.nsf/Content/NBDS

Australian University Sport. (2012). AUS Guidelines – Event & Participation. Retrieved from http://www.unisport.com.au/InsideAUS/OrganisationalPolicies/Pages/EventParticipationGuidelinesPolicies.aspx Australian University Sport. (2012). AUS Guidelines – Use of Alcohol at AUS Events. Retrieved from http://www.unisport.com.au/InsideAUS/AUS_Event_Guidelines/AUS%20Guideline_Use%20of%20alcohol%20at%20AUS%20events_final_april2012.pdf

Australian University Sport. (2012). Australian University Games. Retrieved from http://www.unisport.com.au/Events/AUG/Pages/Home.aspx

Australian University Sport. (2009). Inside aus. Retrieved from http://www.unisport.com.au/InsideAUS/Pages/Home.aspx BMC Public Health (2012). Passive smoking and tobacco control polices. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3519676/

Evans, R.G. and Stoddart, G.L 1994, ‘Producing health, consuming health care’ in R.G Evans, M.L Barer and T.R Marmor (eds), Why are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health Populations, Aldine de Gruyter, New York

Lin, V., Smith, J., & Fawkes, S. (2007). Public health practice in australia: The organised effort. (1st ed.). Crows Nest, Australia: Allen and Unwin.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2006). Young Adult Drinking. Retrieved from http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa68/aa68.htm WestOne (2013). Determinants of heath. Retrieved from http://www.westone.wa.gov.au/k-12lrcd/learning_areas/health_studies/health1D/content/002_promote_prevent/page_02.htm

World Health Organization. (1986), The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/index.html

World Health Organization. (2010). Who framework for global monitoring and reporting. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hiv/universalaccess2010/hiv_me_framework_2009-10.pdf

World Health Organization. (2013). The social determinants of health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/social_determinants/sdh_definition/en/index.html