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Fifth Disease,Skin and Parvovirus        Author Prof. Hayk S. Arakelyan. Full Professor in Medicine, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Ph.D, Grand Ph.D. Senior Expert of Interactive Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Safety, Treatment Tactics, General Medicine and Clinical Research.

“Good health and good sense are two of life's greatest blessings.” “Publilius Syrus”

Introduction. Fifth disease is a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19. Fifth disease spreads easily, through saliva and mucus. You can get it when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Frequently washing your hands might help prevent getting the virus. The Latin name for the disease is erythema infectiosum, meaning infectious redness. It is alsocalled the "slapped cheek disease" because, when the bright red rash first appears on the cheeks, Causes and symptoms. Eythema infectiosum is caused by the parvovirus B19. It involves a low-grade fever, tiredness, and a rash over the body and, notably, on the cheeks. The symptoms of fifth disease include: The main symptoms.- slightly elevated body temperature, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, rash. A rash appears in three stages. A blotchy red rash may appear on the cheeks. Red papules emerge. These group together within a few hours to form red, slightly swollen, warm plaques. They do not affect the nose or mouth. After about 4 days, a net of red marks may appear on the arms and trunk. These form into a lacy pattern. The third stage is recurrent. It is invisible, but exposure to sunlight or heat may cause it to appear. After about 3 weeks, the rash will normally disappear, but it can last from 1 to 6 weeks. The rash may be itchy, but it is rarely painful. As it tends to appear towards the end of the illness, it may be mistaken for a drug-related rash or another disease. Less common symptoms are: nausea, diarrhea, or both,abdominal pain, arthralgia, or joint pain, normally only in adults. Adults may experience pain and soreness in their joints, especially the hands, wrists, knees, and ankles. Joint pain can last from 2 weeks to over a year. Rarely, an adult may experience neurological or cardiovascular problems. Transmission and Diagnosis. Parvovirus B19 spreads between humans through the air, saliva, or as a result of close contact.The most common form of transmission is through sneezing or coughing, and sometimes hand-to-hand contact.It can spread rapidly in places where many people congregate, such as schools, kindergartens, and nurseries. Rarely, transmission may occur through blood products. Signs and symptoms of erythema infectiosum tend to be easy to detect, so diagnosis is normally straightforward. It is sometimes confused with scarlet fever, but the rash is different. -Differential Diagnosis of Fifth Disease. - Treatment Perspectives of Fifth Disease.

To be continued .... If you have any questions concerning  “Fifth Disease,Skin and Parvovirus ”,  interactive clinical pharmacology, or any other  questions, please  inform  me.

Prof. Hayk S. Arakelyan

Adenylosuccinate Lyase  Deficiency

Author Prof. Hayk S. Arakelyan. Full Professor in Medicine, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Ph.D, Grand Ph.D. Senior Expert of Interactive Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Safety, Treatment Tactics, General Medicine and Clinical Research.

“Natural forces within us are the true healers of disease.” “Hippocrates”

Introduction. Other Names: Adenylosuccinase deficiency,ADSL deficiency…

Adenylosuccinase deficiency is a rare, inherited metabolic condition that results from a lack of the enzyme adenylosuccinate lyase. Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency is responsible for a range of symptoms that involve psychomotor retardation, often accompanied by epileptic seizures, and autistic features. Two common theories were proposed to account for these effects, the first is that they result from decreased concentrations of purine nucleotides needed for purine biosynthesis. Cause, Signs and Symptoms. ADSL deficiency characterized by the appearance of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside (SAICA riboside) and succinyladenosine (S-Ado) in cerebrospinal fluid, urine. These two succinylpurines are the dephosphorylated derivatives of SAICA ribotide (SAICAR) and adenylosuccinate (S-AMP), the two substrates of adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), which catalyzes an important reaction in the de novo pathway of purine biosynthesis. Signs and symptoms vary greatly from person to person. In general, affected individuals may have a mix of neurological symptoms, which usually includes abnormalities with cognition and movement, autistic features, epilepsy, muscle wasting, and feeding problems. Although less common, abnormal physical features can include severe growth failure, small head, abnormally shaped head, strabismus, small nose with upturned nostrils, thin upper lip, and low set ears. Adenylosuccinase deficiency is caused by mutations in the ADSL gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. Diagnosis. Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. he Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. Treatment Perspectives and Prognosis. Treatment is supportive based on the specific features. Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment.

“Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.” “Albert Einstein”

If you have any questions concerning ’Adenylosuccinate Lyase  Deficiency’, interactive clinical pharmacology, or any other questions, please  inform  me. Prof. Hayk S. Arakelyan