User:Heatleymd/sandbox

test.

Practice: Tensions continued to rise over the next few hours, with the mob marching to S. M. Dalzell, the local mine managers home and demanded that the African American mine workers be fired but Dalzell refused, shortly thereafter the mob would begin to raid the homes of African American’s within Spring Valley. While the hearing was going on, a large mob gathered outside City Hall, "determined to keep their town white."

Accurate Citations (check to be sure): Caroline Waldron Merithew Italian Source, this is the eCommons Citation, seems to be set up in the style needed for Wikipedia but still check to be sure: Merithew, Caroline Waldron, "Making the Italian Other: Blacks, Whites, and In between in the 1895 Spring Valley, Illinois, Race Riot" (2003). History Faculty Publications Paper 104

Note: (This is the Armfield source, following style of Merithew eCommons Citation, make sure its correct...)

Armfield Source:

Armfield, Felix L, "Fire on the Prairies: The 1895 Spring Valley Race Riot" (2000) Quarterly of the Illinois State Historical Library Vol 3, Num 3.

(Can copy and paste this with the needed page number, double check the Armfield one though especially for what to do for Volume and Numbers.)

Draft of History section for 1895 Spring Valley Race Riot article:

Race riots have a long history in Illinois, with it being noted that race riots had affected most cities within the state at some point or another during the nineteenth century. (Armfield citation needed page 185) By 1895 another riot had occurred within the town of Spring Valley. Spring Valley was a profitable mining town, however on April 29th, 1889 the mines were put on lock down. (Armfield citation needed 188-189)

Make section on reasons (give a brief overview of riot then move onto reasons?)

Draft Sections (Note: maybe add more, seems choppy. Paste into sections for class if have minor details that can add to article?)

Racial tensions had been raising for sometime within Spring Valley, one of many events that created tensions within the multiethnic community was the 1889 lock out. On April 29th, 1889 mines within Spring Valley were shut down with workers being ordered to leave, many of whom were white. By 1892 workers return to the mine but many of them are African American’s and Italians who were employed for less payment. (citations in first reading, see my sandbox) Tensions would rise between African American’s and Italians within the community, and would come to a head by August 3rd, 1895 when an Italian named Barney Rollo was, reportedly, attacked by 4-5 African American men. (Citation needed, comes from first reading) During the attack Rollo was robbed of his weekly wages than shot before his attackers left. (Citation from Waldron, 87) In response to this attack, African American workers were arrested by local police the following morning at random without a warrant. (find reference to it in the Waldron piece I highlighted, also Waldron 87).) A mob composed mainly, but not entirely, of Italians soon formed outside the Spring Valley jail and the men were soon released. (find in Waldron highlighted piece, 87) Following the release the local police would begin searching the homes of African American’s, reportedly for firearms. (Citation page 88, Waldron) Tensions continued to rise over the next few hours, with the mob marching to S. M. Dalzell, the local mine managers home and demanded that the African American mine workers be fired but Dalzell refused, shortly thereafter the mob would begin to raid the homes of African American’s within Spring Valley. (Waldron, 88) Riot: 	The rioters used makeshift weapons during the riot, primarily mining tools such as picks but also reportedly some firearms. (Waldron, 88) During the attack many tried to either flee, and were chased, or hide in their homes and were dragged out by the rioters and attacked. (Add Bird Family example from page 88 of Waldron maybe?) The riot is rather odd for other race riots of the time with their being no deaths, however at least fourteen were injured with six others being reported as missing. (Waldron, 89) Aftermath of Riot: African American’s in Spring Valley would begin to look for safety after this, originally asking for protection from Spring Valley’s police as was recommended by Sheriff Atherton Clark but due to the refusal of the local police they were forced to flee to the nearby town of Seatonville, meanwhile by the following Monday the rioters would regroup and begin to discuss ways of keep African American’s from returning to the community. (Waldron 89) During the meeting a resolution was passed giving the African American residence of the town the ability to collect their belongings and leave Spring Valley by Tuesday evening, forcing the remainder of the African American residence from the town in the process. While the rioters were holding the meeting, African American’s throughout the country had heard of the riot and began to urge that those in Spring Valley arm themselves. (Waldron 88 maybe, and also 193 for the first reading) Meanwhile many of the victims found their way to Quinn Chapel, during which a meeting was held to discuss what should be done next. The meeting resulted in demands for protection by the governor for the riot victims. (Waldron 90) Trial: By august 15th, criminal charges were being issued against those reportedly involved with the riot, a local sheriff by the name of Clark issued thirty-six warrants and the following men were brought to trial (find names in first reading? Note: It's not in first reading, nor the Waldon Italian race article. Try other Waldon article.) There were numerous attempts to swing the trial in the favor of the defendants, for example there was debate on where the trial should be held, with the representative of Spring Valley wishing for the trial to be held within the town itself, however Clark was able to stop this and the trial was held in Princeton, which had originally issued the warrants for the arrest. (Waldron page 95). Most of these men would require a translator due to language difficulties, despite this the trial continued until November with eight guilty verdicts being decided for criminal assualt and rioting. Of these eight men, seven were sent to the state penitentiary to carry out their sentences while the eighth was released due to being under the age of twenty one.