User:Hegaldi/sandbox

Frequenton-Photon

Frequentons is the name applied to discreet packets of energy that are waveform in nature, but differ from discreet packets of photons.

The source of any light whether from the sun or from artificial sources is no more than an emission spectra. In this process the electrons of the atoms and molecules absorb energy and becoming excited jump to higher levels and then when they return down, emit electromagnetic radiation.

These processes of jumping up and falling down will generate a series of waves (like heart pulses) and not a continuous electromagnetic wave. The energy of these pulses is represented by their frequencies and thus these discrete packets of energy are still waveform in nature. It is these discrete packets of energy that are called "frequentons" to differentiate them from discrete packets of photons, which are of particle nature. The concept of a photon was identified by Einstein and others, with Gilbert N Lewis first coining the name in 1926.

This differentiation was first identified by Prof. Bahjat Muhyedeen.

Ostrich Nutrition

Ostrich are monogastric- this means they have a single stomach, similar to poultry, pigs, horses and rabbits. They are not ruminants, with 4 stomachs, such as cattle, goats and sheep. When feeding in the wild there is a diversity of plants, berries and seeds for the birds to browse and when observed they select the plants with the highest nutrient content. This diversity of vegetation is not available in the domestic environment as fields are generally grass or alfalfa (also known as Lucerne), weeds are kept to a minimum and there may some hedges in some fields. Therefore, in the domestic environment it is essential for ostrich to have additional rations as grass or alfalfa provides insufficient diversity of nutrients to meet all their nutritional needs.

In the domestic environment Ostrich require nutrient dense rations containing Alfalfa (also known as Lucerne), Maize (also known as corn in some countries), high protein Soybean Meal and some by- products in limited quantities. The Basics of Production Ostrich Nutrition Part 1 and Part 2 provide more detailed information on ostrich rations, feed ingredients, feeding rates and feed management as they relate to Ostrich maintained in the domestic environment.

In livestock nutrition it is important to understand the significance of moisture in the feed ingredients; adult ostrich require a minimum of 1.8 kg dry matter. When feeding commercial rations or home produced rations manufactured from dry ingredients such as hay (grass or alfalfa), maize, soybeanmeal, their average moisture content is around 10% – 12%. Silage ranges from 15% to 42% depending on the harvesting conditions and type of silage. Fresh grazing can vary significantly depending on rain fall, season and so on. It is not unusual for fresh grass to have as little as 10% dry matter as fed. It is interesting to note that Maclean references observations that they observed the plants eaten by ostrich with an average 57% dry matter. They reported the range as a minimum 36.4% to 62.2%. Therefore when ostrich are required to forage or graze as a major element of their diet, it is essential to ensure that they are able to take in sufficient dry matter, containing adequate nutrients for all their needs.

Ideally Ostrich require: Note: The Follow on ration will depend on the whether the birds are bred as future breeders, slaughter or pets.

The World Ostrich Association have available benchmark production targets. These benchmark figures provide guidelines on potential annual egg production, chick production, growth rates and FCR (feed conversion rate). Benchmark production figures provide an excellent mechanism to measure the success of any livestock feed and management program.

Ostrich is not yet a mainstream livestock industry. As a result it can be extremely difficult to obtain the correct rations when farming on a small scale or keeping ostrich as pets. Ostrich do not do well when fed rations designed for a different animal or bird.