User:Heinev1/sandbox


 * 1) Botsford, George Willis. 1906. “The Social Composition of the Primitive Roman Populus.” Political Science Quarterly 21 (3): 498–526. https://doi.org/10.2307/2140599.
 * 2) Bauman, Richard A. Women and Politics in Ancient Rome. London, UNITED KINGDOM: Routledge, 1994. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/acadia/detail.action?docID=178583.
 * 3) “Cassius Dio — Fragments of Book 2.” n.d. Accessed February 11, 2020. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/2*.html.
 * 4) “Cassius Dio — Fragments of Book 6.” n.d. Accessed February 11, 2020. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/6*.html.
 * 5) Dyer, Thomas Henry. 1864. Ancient Rome,. London,. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015028304320.
 * 6) Gilbert, Neil, and Robert Kaster. 2005. Emotion, Restraint, and Community in Ancient Rome. New York, UNITED STATES: Oxford University Press, Incorporated. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/acadia/detail.action?docID=3052074.
 * 7) Runciman, W. G. 1983. “Capitalism without Classes: The Case of Classical Rome.” The British Journal of Sociology 34 (2): 157–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/590734.
 * 8) Wood, Ellen Meiksins. 2002a. “Landlords and Peasants, Masters and Slaves: Class Relations in Greek and Roman Antiquity.” Historical Materialism 10 (3): 17–69. https://doi.org/10.1163/15692060260289707.

Annotated Bibliography
1.     Bauman, Richard A. 1994. Women and Politics in Ancient Rome. London, UK: Routledge. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/acadia/detail.action?docID=178583.

Bauman deals with women throughout Roman antiquity. I will use this source to add to the section on the Wikipedia page entitled “Women”. This section consists of only a few lines about women in relation to men. This source includes many details about the social organization of women that will enrich the Wikipedia page and give some attention to women, who are often excluded from the narrative in Antiquity. Specifically, I will use the information about marriage from this source, as it has the biggest impact on the social classes of women due to women being the property of their Paterfamilias – usually, their father or husband.

2.     Bruun, Christer. 2009. “Rome.” In A Companion to Ancient History. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Bruun details how the social organization of Rome was key to its functioning because it lacked a police force. Part of the task of the upper classes and the magistrates was to deal directly with the common people (241). I will use this source to add a section about how the classes interacted. Currently, the Wikipedia page includes basic information about each social class (i.e. patricians, plebeians, property-based classes, slaves, freed slaves, women, etc.) but does not explain how they all work together to shape Roman society. This is important to understand exactly why there were so many different social classes that sometimes overlapped. This is the only part of this source that I will be using for the Wikipedia page.

3.     Mathisen, Ralph W. 2019. Ancient Roman Civilization: History and Sources. Oxford University Press.

Mathisen describes how the patricians and plebeians became two distinct classes from one another (62). The description of plebeians and patricians in present in the Wikipedia page, although the information included is once again uncited. It also differs from the account that is in Mathisen, so I will be using this source to verify the information throughout the Wikipedia page. Mathisen also includes a description of the origin of Roman social relations (81) that would be helpful to add to the page’s lead to introduce Roman society before diving into the many classes it was divided by. Lastly, Mathisen describes the Equestrian class and their rise (133) which is mentioned in the Wikipedia page, but is again uncited. Overall, Mathisen is a fantastic source to add citations to the various claims that are presented in the Wikipedia page but are left uncited.

4.     Runciman, W. G. 1983. “Capitalism without Classes: The Case of Classical Rome.” The British Journal of Sociology 34 (2): 157–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/590734.

This article is a great source that will allow me to cite some of the claims already present in the Wikipedia page as well as expand the page. Specifically, the article makes claims about the sale of people (slaves) in Rome and how the process of buying and selling slaves worked (159). The Wikipedia page has an entire section about slaves that has only one citation within its four paragraphs. This is just one example of the many uncited claims made throughout the existing Wikipedia page. Runciman also argues that pre-existing property ownership and wealth were augmented by the war spoils gained through the Punic Wars, rather than new wealth being accumulated by the poorer social classes (164). I will use Runciman’s argument about how the Punic Wars’ spoils and wealth were absorbed into the existing social classes, rather than affecting the makeup of the classes to further explain how social class was affected based on property.

5.     Wood, Ellen Meiksins. 2002a. “Landlords and Peasants, Masters and Slaves: Class Relations in Greek and Roman Antiquity.” Historical Materialism 10 (3): 17–69. https://doi.org/10.1163/15692060260289707.

Like the Runciman article above, this book will be used to add citations to the existing section about Slaves. This book describes how slaves worked Roman latifundia (22-23) which is a fact that is not discussed in the Wikipedia article. Wood claims that Roman society could be characterized as a slave society (1), and that the latifundia was a huge contributor to the accumulation of property for higher class citizens of Rome (23). This is significant to both the slave section and the property-based classes section of the Wikipedia article – both of which are severely under-cited. Wood also argues that the majority of the population of Rome, even with the influx of Slaves to work the latifundia, were peasants (25). Overall, Wood emphasizes that slavery was a huge part of Ancient Rome and is a strong source to both add to and add citations to the Wikipedia page.

Add to an Article
The distinction between patricians and plebeians in Ancient Rome was based purely on birth. Although modern writers often portray patricians as rich and powerful families who managed to secure power over the less-fortunate plebeian families, plebeians and patricians among the senatorial class were often equally wealthy.