User:Hfbaker/sandbox

== Article Evaluation == I read through the Wiki article on "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles" located at: Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles

On the whole, I found the article to take a good position on the vehicle incentives, primarily sticking to stating the incentive, its amount, year, etc. I found it interesting that there was a notice in the article requesting users to add additional data for China that comes post-2014. This was interesting, because it highlighted the fact that Wikipedia is only as complete as its users make it. It emphasizes that important recent information may be missing from Wikipedia articles.

Additionally, I went to a few of the references and was surprised to find them in foreign languages! This makes sense, as the article described many incentives in countries outside North America. But I was surprised initially to see this. I could see how this would make it more challenging to verify a particular reference when a large number of users are not able to read the listed reference.

Hfbaker (talk) 03:48, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Article Discovery
Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles

I think that there is a good amount more detail that can be added to this page. I added to it briefly before, but some sections (like the section on China) is missing extreme amounts of details on Chinese policy, which has changed significantly since 2014.

Carbon credit

This article has not been updated since 2016. I am not sure if this article necessarily needs to be updated, however I would like to consider editing either this article or another article relating to environmental policies that look to work within the marketplace, rather than against it (as in the form of taxes). This could relate to any of the topics discussed on the page: Environmental economics. One potential in this route is to work on the change discussed in 2016 about Green Trading be merged with Environmental Economics.

Final Wiki Topic
I have chosen as my topic the Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles Wiki page.

I think that there is a lot of detail that can be added to many of the countries sections, in particular China. China has modified their electric vehicle incentives constantly through the last few years, much of which is missing from the existing page. Additionally, countries like Japan have data only as recently as 2009. Other countries, like Bulgaria, Switzerland, and Estonia, are missing citations entirely or on major portions of text. Aside from these, many countries are also missing entirely from the list. Also, I think that there may be additional room for improvement in the overall summaries of policies in different regions. One problem I am experiencing is finding the direct sources for vehicle incentives. Usually they come in the form of secondary articles that are reporting the changes made. Another challenge is that they are often in foreign languages.

One good source I found which contains more recent information than much of the Wiki page, and contains its original citations is located at:

https://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_IZEV-incentives-comp_201606.pdf

Swedish Energy Agency:

http://www.energimyndigheten.se/

Comparison of China and America:

http://www.eesi.org/articles/view/comparing-u.s.-and-chinese-electric-vehicle-policies

Additional Changes
Below is the current status of the China section for EV incentives. The last section containing 2018 data is a sentence I added before for an earlier assignment. I would like to focus much of my attention on this section of the article, as much has changed since 2014 in regards to Chinese electric vehicle incentives. Some of the things that could go into this section include that China was looking to place a future ban on petrol vehicles, and wanted to begin placing quotas on electric vehicle production in the country. Additionally, vehicle incentives were set to expire at the end of 2017 until they were extended until 2020. I have not been able to find enough data to make substantial changes to this section, and it currently is not a part of work I would like to submit.

I have, however, made changes to the sections regarding Bulgarian, Denmark, Cyprus, Latvia, and Austrian incentives removing uncited language from the Bulgaria section and adding in data 2017 data. In the Denmark section, I removed a section that was not relevant to plug-in electric vehicle incentives. There are other places where the European Automobile Manufacturers Association has been cited as a reference for vehicle incentives in Europe, however many of these references are from a 2011 version of the article. Many of my changes have been to update these sources to more recent data.

China


The Chinese government adopted a plan in 2009 with the goal of turning the country into one of the leaders of all-electric and hybrid vehicles by 2012. The government's intention was to create a world-leading industry that would produce jobs and exports, and to reduce urban pollution and its oil dependence. However, a study found that even though local air pollution would be reduced by replacing a gasoline car with a similar-size electric car, it would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by only 19%, as China uses coal for 75% of its electricity production.

The Chinese government uses the term new energy vehicles (NEVs) to designate plug-in electric vehicles, and only pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are subject to purchase incentives. On June 1, 2010, the Chinese government announced a trial program to provide incentives up to 60,000 yuan (~US$9,281 in June 2011) for private purchase of new battery electric vehicles and 50,000 yuan  (~US$7,634 in June 2011) for plug-in hybrids in five cities. The cities participating in the pilot program are Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Hefei and Changchun. The subsidies are paid directly to automakers rather than consumers, but the government expects that vehicle prices will be reduced accordingly. The amount of the subsidy will be reduced once 50,000 units are sold. In addition to the subsidy, the Chinese government is planning to introduce, beginning on January 1, 2012, an exemption from annual taxes for pure electric, fuel-cell, and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Hybrid vehicles will be eligible for a 50% reduction only.

In 2011, only 8,159 electric cars were sold in China despite a 120,000 yuan subsidy. Unsubsidized lead-acid EVs are produced without government approval at a rate of more than 30,000 per year in Shandong and requires no driving license because the top speed is less than 50 km/h. They cost 31,600 yuan and have been the target of criticism from major car manufacturers.

A mid-September joint announcement in 2013 by the National Development and Reform Commission and finance, science, and industry ministries confirmed that the central government will provide a maximum of US$9,800 toward the purchase of an all-electric passenger vehicle and up to US$81,600 for an electric bus. The subsidies are part of the government's efforts to address China's problematic air pollution.

As a result of the government support and new incentives issued in 2014, production of new energy vehicles between January and August reached 31,137 units, up 328% from the same period of 2013. Domestic production during the first eight months of 2014 includes 6,621 plug-in hybrid sedans and 16,276 all-electric cars.

[SECTION FOR DATA BETWEEN 2014 AND 2020]

In February 2018, China raised subsidies for electric vehicles meeting range requirements. Electric vehicle incentives for cars with at least 400 km of range increased from 44,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan, while vehicles with less than 150 km of range have been removed from the list of vehicles qualifying for an incentive.

Bulgaria
Electric vehicles are exempt from the annual registration tax, park without paying in the capital's center and are exempt from needing to pay for a vignette to drive on highways.

Electric vehicles, including cars, motorbikes and mopeds, are exempt from the annual circulation tax. 

Cyprus
Vehicles with emissions less than 120 grams of carbon dioxide per kilometer are exempt from paying registration taxes. 

Austria
Electric vehicles are exempt from the fuel consumption tax, levied upon the first registration, and from the monthly vehicle tax. In addition to tax breaks, hybrid vehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles benefit from a fuel consumption tax that pays bonuses to passenger cars with low carbon dioxide output. Alternative fuel vehicles, including hybrids, qualify for as much as €800 (around US$1,120) in annual bonuses. This bonus was valid from 1 July 2008 until 31 August 2012. Additionally, cars with no carbon emissions qualify for a deduction of the VAT (Value-Added Tax), as of January 2016. 

Denmark
Denmark was planning to introduce a greater number of battery driven electric cars on the streets — charged on renewable energy from the country's many wind turbines — ahead of the UN Climate Summit that descended on Copenhagen in December 2009. Around a third of the electricity is generated by wind turbines.

In 2016, battery electric vehicles lost access to their registration tax exemption. The registration tax will gradually be phased back in until 2020.  there are only 7,000 electric cars in Denmark.

Latvia
Electric vehicles, including cars, goods vehicles, buses, and motorcycles, are exempt from payment of the Vehicle Operation Tax.