User:Hgiarami/sandbox

Article Evaluation: Biopharmaceutical


 * Content:
 * The comment on specialty drugs in the second paragraph seemed to stray from the information before and after it; may be helpful to put that comment somewhere else in the paragraph or article in general, or to incorporate a better transition
 * The last sentence in the introduction about "biopharmacology" may be beneficial in the first paragraph about different names for biopharmaceuticals
 * Overall, the structure of the introduction could be improved
 * Tone:
 * Article appears to have a neutral tone
 * Includes both EU regulations AND US regulations
 * could incorporate more of a variety of examples throughout article-- maybe more than just US and European Union information
 * Sources:
 * Links for first 4 sources work
 * Link for the 1st source doesn't really define biological as the article does-- maybe could find a better source for definition
 * 3rd source is connected to another wiki page--> should check to make sure that article is reliable
 * Talk Page:
 * Article is part of WikiProject Medicine
 * rating: B-Class
 * Article is also part of WikiProject Pharmacology
 * rating: C-Class
 * Needs to be developed a lot better for both Projects
 * Seems to have some discontent from various other users about inaccuracy of parts of information

Article Selection

1) Paraxanthine (animal metabolism) *** Chosen Article ****


 * Content:
 * Overall, seems to have a set up that is easy to follow
 * Tone:
 * Article appears to have a neutral tone
 * Doesn't use specific references from biased groups, seems to just contain factual information
 * Sources:
 * missing sources in some places
 * should definitely check information that is missing citations
 * Talk Page:
 * Article is part of WikiProject Chemicals and is a daughter project of Chemistry
 * Quality scale: stub-class
 * Article importance: mid-importance

2) Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1


 * Content:
 * Content seems easy to follow and is logically set up
 * Seems to be missing a lot of information
 * Tone:
 * neutral tone
 * Sources:
 * seems to cite most sources successfully
 * Talk Page:
 * WikiProject Molecular and Cell Biology
 * Quality: stub-class
 * Importance: low-importance

3) APICA (synthetic cannabinoid drug)


 * Content:
 * only one section of content
 * content flows easily
 * Tone:
 * Neutral
 * Sources:
 * utilizes a few sources
 * sources are cited correctly
 * Talk Page:
 * WikiProject Medicine
 * Quality: C-class
 * Importance: Mid-importance
 * WIkiProject Pharmacology
 * Quality: C-class
 * Importance: Mid-importance
 * WikiProject Chemicals
 * Quality: C-class
 * Importance: Mid-Importance

Citations:


 * Paraxanthine is also a major metabolite of caffeine in humans; it is formed by removing a methyl group from the N3 position of caffeine.
 * That paraxanthine, like coffee, is central nervous system stimulant can be cited from a review paper.
 * Paraxanthine may cause behavioral effects due to its stimulation of the NO-cGMP pathway, while also inhibiting adenosine receptors.

Final Work on Paraxanthine
Summary of New Additions

Since the paraxanthine page is a stub, there were various ways to improve the article. I chose to improve the production and metabolism section. For my edits, I decided to clarify in more detail how caffeine is metabolized into paraxanthine. From this, I logically decided to explain several pathways in which paraxanthine can then be broken down further. On the original page, the production and metabolism section focused on paraxanthine in animals, but in my edits, I included how paraxanthine is also present in humans as a metabolite of caffeine. After the pre-existing sentence that paraxanthine is not produced by plants, I also would like to add that it is a natural metabolite of caffeine in some species of bacteria. My thought process is to include my short section following the first existing paragraph in the production and metabolism section.

In addition, I would like to add a citation (“Chemical-based fecal source tracking methods: current status and guidelines for evaluation”) to the introduction that explains how paraxanthine, like caffeine, is a stimulant of the central nervous system ; originally, the page did not contain a citation for this statement.

New Additions to a Pre-Existing Page

Production and metabolism

Paraxanthine is also a major metabolite of caffeine in humans and other animals, such as mice. Shortly after ingestion, caffeine is metabolized into paraxanthine by hepatic cytochrome P450, which removes a methyl group from the N3 position of caffeine. After formation, paraxanthine can be broken down to 7-methylxanthine by demethylation of the N1 position, which is subsequently demethylated into xanthine or oxidized by CYP2A6 and CYP1A2 into 1,7-dimethylaric acid. In another pathway, paraxanthine is broken down into 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil through N-acetyl-transferase 2, which is then broken down into 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil by non-enzymatic decomposition. In yet another pathway, paraxanthine is metabolized CYPIA2 forming 1-methyl-xanthine, which can then be metabolized by xanthine oxidase to form 1-methyl-uric acid.

Following the statement that paraxanthine is not produced by plants: Paraxanthine is a natural metabolite of caffeine in some species of bacteria.

Additional Citation-Introduction

That paraxanthine, like coffee, is central nervous system stimulant can be cited from a review paper.

Meeting the Highest Standards of the Rubric

My additions to the paraxanthine article reach the highest standards of the rubric for several reasons. The section I would like to add to "Production and metabolism" reaches the highest standards of section 4.1 and 4.4 of the rubric because the additions directly explain how caffeine is broken down into paraxanthine, and then the pathways paraxanthine can subsequently be metabolized into. This information is also not duplicated from any other sections. Currently, the article only includes the approximate amount of caffeine that is metabolized into paraxanthine (but does not include how, which is something that I have included). Therefore, these additions are relevant to and help improve the section "Production and metabolism" and the overall article. By explaining how caffeine produces paraxanthine, and how paraxanthine is further broken down into other metabolites, I have filled key gaps in this pre-existing section, which also meets the highest standards of section 4.3 on the rubric. Finally, by first explaining the mechanism by which caffeine breaks down into paraxanthine, then different mechanisms by which paraxanthine can subsequently be metabolized, the organization of my new addition is logical. In placing this section after the existing information on paraxanthine being a chief metabolite of caffeine, it makes logical sense to include how this occurs, and then what happens to this chief metabolite; in doing this, I believe I have met the highest standards of section 4.2 on the rubric. To explain the production and metabolization of paraxanthine, I used several sources. These sources include a textbook and review articles that give detailed explanations on the metabolism of caffeine into paraxanthine, and then the breakdown of paraxanthine into its metabolites. These citations reach the highest standards of the rubric because I have supported each statement in my new section with a relevant citation.