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Climate finance responsibility​

As developed countries are responsible for the majority of cumulative emissions since the industrialization and generally have greater capacity to provide support, it is argued, that they have a moral responsibility and a legal obligation to provide finance to help developing countries undertake climate action. At the 16th Conference of the Parties in 2010 (Cancun 2010) developed countries committed to the goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries, and the decision by the 21st Conference of the Parties (Paris 2015) also included the commitment to continue their existing collective mobilization goal through 2025. However, these agreements don't offer guidance on how to allocate climate finance responsibility to individual countries. Several institutions and researchers have developed methodologies to determine country-specific contribution shares based on equity-principles. ​

'''Climate finance allocation mechanism​ '''

Climate finance allocation mechanisms play a crucial role in determining how funds are distributed to different countries to address the impacts of climate change. These mechanisms aim to distribute funds fairly, taking into account various factors that represent each country's responsibility for and vulnerability to climate change, as well as their capacity to finance mitigation and adaptation measures.​

All eading models have in common that they at least use one wealth variable (e.g. share of GDP or GNI) to consider the ability to pay and an emission variable (share of CO2 or GHG) to reflect emission responsibility. Some models additionally consider countries' population or their willingness to pay. Furthermore, another proposal of a mechanism suggests to incorporate forward-looking data in so-called dynamic model. For the dynamic components, the share of GDP is determined by a 2030 forecast adjusted for expected climate damages and the share of GHGs covers future emissions up to 2030 and accounts for unconditional emission reduction targets submitted by the countries where available.