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Ōishi Matashichi (大石又七) (born 1934) is an anti-nuclear activist and author. At the age of 20, Matashichi was exposed to the radioactive fallout of the Bravo Nuclear Test in the Marshall Islands on 22 January 1954. He was one of twenty-three fisherman on the vessel Daigo Fukuryū Maru. Their catch of tuna and shark was also found to be contaminated, with radiation, with two tons of tuna buried at Tsukiji fish market instead of being sold. Members of the crew suffered from acute radiation syndrome, with Aikichi Kuboyama dying of a related infection six months later. Ōishi was hospitalized for several months. He quit the fishing industry and moved to Tokyo to open a laundromat, which he ran for fifty years. His first child was stillborn and he later developed liver cancer.

He later became an author and an advocate for nuclear disarmament. In the 1990s, he started campaigning for nuclear disarment. He advocated for the installation of a commemorative plaque at Tsukiji fish market, which was added in 1999. In 2010 he attended an international conference in New York on ceasing the proliferation of nuclear weapons. In 2015 he attended a memorial service on the Marshall Islands for the victims of the nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll. He is also opposed to the usage of nuclear power plants, and attended a protest after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.

Early Life/Exposure to Radioactive Fallout
Oishi grew up during a turbulent era in Japan's history, living through World War II and the post-war American occupation of Japan. His father died shortly after the war, and Oishi had to quit school and find work at 14 to help support his family. He initially found work as a bonito fisherman but later signed on to work on the Daigo Fukuryū Maru or Lucky Dragon 5, a tuna fishing vessel. During his first voyage on the Lucky Dragon, Oishi witnessed the Castle Bravo nuclear test on March 1, 1954, he remembers seeing a bright light in the west. The sun was covered by a mushroom cloud and white, radioactive ash began to fall onboard the ship. When the tuna fishermen returned home, they exhibited symptoms of what would later be called acute radiation syndrome. Geiger counters showed that the Lucky Dragon was now highly radioactive. Oishi was flown on a government plane to Tokyo where he stayed in a hospital along with the other fishermen. About six months into his stay at the hospital, Oishi's fellow crew member and victim of radioactive fallout Aikichi Kuboyama died from secondary infection after acute radiation exposure. The United States agreed to pay the Japanese government 2 million dollars ex gratia or "out of the goodness of their heart" to settle the incident but refused to accept any culpability.

Activism
Public sentiment against nuclear testing grew in Japan after the Bravo Hand Test and the exposure of the crew of the Lucky Dragon 5. Oishi and the other survivors were released from the hospital in 1955. Many of them continued to be ill, but the government acknowledged no connection between their illness and their exposure to radioactive fallout. According to Nic Mclellan, Oishi participated in some of the early protests against nuclear testing in 1955, but Oishi's autobiography does not mention this early activism. Oishi moved to Tokyo and found work as a laundryman, hoping to find more anonymity in the big city and avoid the stigma and discrimination faced by many Hibakusha or "bomb effected people." In 1992, Oishi found out that he had hepatitis C, a badly swollen spleen, and liver cancer. While the government did not acknowledge any connection between his health problems and radiation exposure, Oishi suspected the bomb had caused his illness. His first child was born stillborn and deformed. Oishi believes that his exposure to radiation caused this tragedy as well. In the mid-1990s, Oishi began to speak publicly at schools and other events about his experiences. He constructs models of the Lucky Dragon 5 as a way to help communicate his story.

Battle for Seamen's Insurance
In 1995, Oishi began to realize that many of his former shipmates also suffered from hepatitis C. They most likely contracted the disease from blood transfusions they received at the government hospital where they were observed after their exposure in 1954. Oishi led many the crew in a series of lawsuits to force their seamen's insurance to cover the effects of hepatitis C. In January, 1999, the governor of Shizuoka determined that seamen's insurance did not need to cover the deleterious effects of the infection. Oishi pressed the matter, and he and other survivors eventually received a hearing from the Ministry of Health. On August 4, 2000, the Ministry ruled that seamen's insurance should cover hepatitis C and that those Lucky Dragon crew members who succumbed to the disease would have "related to exposure" listed on their death certificate--an important admission from the government that the Bravo Test contributed to their demise.