User:Hiroizmeh/sandbox/Lobopodia

Timeline of lobopodian research

1910s
1911
 * Aysheaia is described by Walcott, 1911; also naming the monotypic family Aysheaiidae, and interpreting it as a stem-polychaete
 * Canadia sparsa is described by Walcott, 1911, later to be reinterpeted as Hallucigenia

1920s
1923
 * Brues, 1923 notes a resemblance between Aysheaia and Onychophora in a general study of the latter

1927
 * Xenusion is decsribed by Pompeckj, 1927, interpreting it as either a worm or rangeomorph

1930s
1930 1938
 * Protonychophora is named by Hutchinson, 1930, as an order to contain Aysheaia
 * "Lobopodia" is informally named by Snodgrass, 1938, as a group containing forms like Aysheaia and Xenusion

1950s
1958
 * Tiegs & Manton, 1958 propose a connection between Aysheaia and Tardigrada in a general study

1970s
1975
 * Delle Cave & Simonetta, 1975 interpret Aysheaia as either a stem-onychophoran or tardigrade

1977
 * Hallucigenia is described by Conway Morris, 1977, although its validity is subsequently disputed

1978
 * Whittington, 1978 redescribes Aysheaia and interprets it as a stem-tardigrade or onychophoran, also noting a possible relationship with Xenusion

1980s
1985
 * Robison, 1985 places Protonychophora (and Aysheaia) within Onychophora
 * Dzik & Krumbiegel, 1985 interpret Xenusion as a stem-panarthropod, naming the family Xenusiidae for Xenusion and the class Xenusia for it and Aysheaiidae

1986
 * Microdictyon is described by Bengtson, Matthews & Missarzhevsky, 1986; and placed in stem-Onychophora
 * Quadratapora is described by Bengtson, Matthews & Missarzhevsky, 1986

1987
 * Quadratapora zhenbaensis and Fusuconcharium are described by Hao & Shu, 1987; and are placed in the family Eoconchariidae as enigmatic small shelly fossils

1989
 * Hou & Chen, 1989, describe Luolishania as a stem-panarthropod near Aysheaia

1990s
1991
 * Cardiodictyon is described by Xianguang, Ramskoeld, & Bergstroem, 1991
 * Ramskoeld & Xian-Guang, 1991, reinterpret Hallucigenia and Microdictyon as lobopodians


 * Facivermis - 1989
 * Luolishania - 1989
 * Cardiodictyon - 1991
 * Onychodictyon - 1991
 * ~Kerygmachela - 1993
 * Paucipodia - 1995
 * ~Pambdelurion - 1997
 * Hadranax - 1998
 * Megadictyon - 1999
 * Jianshanopodia - 2006
 * Orstenotubulus - 2007
 * Diania - 2011
 * Antennacanthopodia - 2011
 * Siberion - 2011
 * Carbotubulus - 2012
 * Collinsium - 2015
 * Tritonychus - 2016
 * Ovatiovermis - 2017
 * Lenisambulatrix - 2018
 * Thanahita - 2018
 * Collinsovermis - 2020

Consensus of studies 2017-2021 (Aria & Caron 2020; Edgecomb et al. 2020; Aria & Caron 2017, Vinther & Young 2017)

Taxonomy
Lobopodia Snodgrass, 1938
 * Xenusia <Dzik & Krumbiegel, 1989 - polyphyletic class, presently disused
 * Protonychophora Hutchinson, 1930 - polyphyletic order, presently disused
 * Archonychophora Hou & Bergstrom, 1995 - polyphyletic order, presently disused
 * Paronychophora Hou & Bergstrom, 1995 - monotypic order, not consistently used
 * Onychodictyon
 * Scleronychophora - wastebin order, presently disused



Lobopodian phylogenetic analysis character list
Head
 * 1) Head length ±2x segment lengths: (0,1)
 * 2) Bulbous head: (0,1)
 * 3) Head dorsal sclerites: (0,1)
 * 4) Eyes: (0,1)
 * 5) Stalked eyes: (0,1)
 * 6) Oral proboscis: (0,1)
 * 7) Pharyngeal teeth: (0,1)
 * 8) Protocerebral, preocular appendages (~antennae?): (0,1)
 * 9) Thinner anterior legs: (0,1)
 * 10) Oral 'antennules'; very thin first few legs: (0,1)
 * 11) Number of oral antennules: (1,2, 3, 4, ...) ORD
 * 12) Raised 1st legs: (0,1)
 * 13) First leg inner spikes/bristles: (0,1)
 * 14) Grasper leg orientation (downward, inward): (0,1) *For primitive dinocaridids primarily


 * 1) Anneloid segmentation: (0,1)
 * 2) 'Heteronomous somitization', certain segments larger than others in a pattern: (0,1)
 * 3) Fleshy bristles: (0,1)
 * 4) Any scleritization: (0,1)
 * 5) Large flat sclerites: (0,1)
 * 6) Scleritic papillae: (0,1)
 * 7) Small sclerites/rough spines/barbs/spicules: (0,1)
 * 8) Developed, larger spikes: (0,1)
 * 9) Curved spikes: (0,1)
 * 10) Spiral spines: (0,1)
 * 11) Spine orientation (one row per somite, multiple rows per somite): (0,1)
 * 12) Pairs of Sclerites per row: (1,2,3,4,5,6) ORD
 * 13) Gills: (0,1)
 * 14) Fins/flaps: (0,1)
 * 15) Gut diverticulae: (0,1)
 * 16) Oblique muscles between outer longitudinal and inner circular muscles: (0,1)

Note:*Character states 0 and 1 represent 'no' and 'yes' for their respective character unless otherwise noted
 * 1) Legs: (0,1)
 * 2) Pairs of legs: (...,7,8,9,...) ORD
 * 3) Legs length +- 2x width: (0,1)
 * 4) Leg spacing +- 0.5x leg width: (0,1)
 * 5) Anterior leg length differentiation: (0,1)
 * 6) Rearmost legs fused at base: (0,1)
 * 7) Flipper-like terminal structures: (0,1)
 * 8) Anterior Leg setae: (0,1)
 * 9) Claws: (0,1)
 * 10) Claw number: (1,2,3) ORD
 * 11) 'Interconic' onychophoran-like claw structure: (0,1)

Analysis matrix
xread 41 &[num] Ancestral: -000000000-00- -0000000000-0000 0-0-00000-0 Antennacanthopodia: 000100-100 --0100010001500-- 1911-0000-- Aysheaia: 000000-000-11- 1101