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The Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 (S. 744) is a bill that was introduced into the United States Senate of the 113th United States Congress on April 16, 2013. The bill was introduced by the Gang of Eight, a bipartisan group of eight Senators who negotiated and co-wrote the legislation. The bill was 844 pages long when it was introduced.

S. 744 creates a program to help the estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants in the United States gain legal status. Changes are also made to the existing system of legal immigration, attempting to make the system more responsive to economic needs.

Title I of S. 744 focuses on securing the border. The bill establishes a goal of achieving a 90% success rate (Section 3(a)(3)) of intercepting and deporting undocumented immigrants who attempt to cross the border in on of the "High Risk Border Sectors" - places where more than 30,000 people cross per year (Section 3(a)(5)). In order to accomplish this, the bill would increase the number of border security personnel by 3,500 people by 2017, authorize the National Guard to participate in missions related to border security, fund additional surveillance and surveillance technology, and provide funding to build a border fence. If the bill is enacted, the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has 180 days to write and submit two reports. First, the "Comprehensive Southern Border Security Strategy", which is a strategy meant to explain their plans for achieving and maintaining effective control in all high risk border sectors along the international border between the United States and Mexico. Congress grants the Department of Homeland Security $3,000,000,000 in order to pursue this strategy (Section 6(a)(3)(A)(i)). The second report that the DHS is required to write and submit in 180 days is the "Southern Border Fencing Strategy" to identify where fencing, including double-layer fencing, infrastructure, and technology should be deployed along the Southern border (Section 5(b)). Congress grants the Department of Homeland Security $1,500,000,000 in order to pursue this strategy (Section 6(a)(3)(A)(iii)).

Title II of S. 744 focuses on three things: (1)creating the registered provisional immigrant (RPI) status, which illegal immigrants currently in the United States are eligible to apply for, (2) creating an Agricultural Workers Program, and (3) changing the existing rules governing the legal immigration process. This includes changing the requirements for family-based immigration, economic-based immigration, and merit-based immigration.

Title III of S. 744 __________

Title IV of S. 744 ___________

Considerable media attention was devoted to the legislation while it was being written, before the text was ever available. The bill has many controversial provisions, such as _________________.

Congressional findings
''This information is largely based on the list of congressional "findings" located in Section 2 (beginning on page 7) of. Also at .''

Congress makes the following findings:
 * (1) The passage of this Act recognizes that the primary tenets of its success depend on securing the sovereignty of the United States of America and establishing a coherent and just system for integrating those who seek to join American society.
 * (2) We have a right, and duty, to maintain and secure our borders, and to keep our country safe and prosperous. As a nation founded, built and sustained by immigrants we also have a responsibility to harness the power of that tradition in a balanced way that secures a more prosperous future for America.
 * (3) We have always welcomed newcomers to the United States and will continue to do so. But in order to qualify for the honor and privilege of eventual citizenship, our laws must be followed. The world depends on America to be strong -- economically, militarily and ethically. The establishment of a stable, just and efficient immigration system only supports those goals. As a nation, we have the right and responsibility to make our borders safe, to establish clear and just rules for seeking citizenship, to control the flow of legal immigration, and to eliminate illegal immigration, which in some cases has become a threat to our national security.
 * (4) All parts of this Act are premised on the right and need of the United States to achieve these goals, and to protect its borders and maintain its sovereignty.

Title I - Border Security
Title I, which begins on page 33, covers changes being made to border security in the United States. Some of the goals mentioned below are also addressed in the preceding sector, Section 1 of S. 744.

One of the major provisions of S. 744 is a focus on increased border security, primarily dealt with in Title I. The bill establishes a goal of achieving a 90% success rate (Section 3(a)(3)) of intercepting and deporting undocumented immigrants who attempt to cross the border in on of the "High Risk Border Sectors" - places where more than 30,000 people cross per year (Section 3(a)(5)). In order to accomplish this, the bill would increase the number of border security personnel by 3,500 people by 2017, authorize the National Guard to participate in missions related to border security, fund additional surveillance and surveillance technology, and provide funding to build a border fence.

After the enactment of the bill (should it be enacted), the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has 180 days to write and submit two reports. First, the "Comprehensive Southern Border Security Strategy", which is a strategy meant to explain their plans for achieving and maintaining effective control in all high risk border sectors along the Southern border (established in Section 5(a)). The "Southern Border" refers to the international border between the United States and Mexico. The report will be submitted to several committees in Congress for review. Section 5(a)(2) explains the elements that should be included in the report, namely criteria for measuring success, capabilities that need to be obtained for the success of the strategy (equipment, personnel, etc), and the infrastructure and technology required.pg 19-20 Congress grants the Department of Homeland Security $3,000,000,000 in order to pursue this strategy (Section 6(a)(3)(A)(i)).

The second report that the DHS is required to write and submit in 180 days is the "Southern Border Fencing Strategy" to identify where fencing, including double-layer fencing, infrastructure, and technology should be deployed along the Southern border (Section 5(b)). Congress grants the Department of Homeland Security $1,500,000,000 in order to pursue this strategy (Section 6(a)(3)(A)(iii)).

The bill would focus on three particular high risk sectors - the Tucson sector in Arizona and the Rio Grande and Laredo sectors in Texas. Title I focuses on preventing additional illegal immigration into the United States.


 * Sec. 1101. Definitions. - The section opens by making some important definitions for words with specific technical meanings that will be used over and over in the rest of the document. "Rural, high-trafficked areas" are rural areas through which drugs and undocumented aliens are routinely smuggled, as designated by the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.  The "Southwest border region" is the area in the United States that is within 100 miles of the Southern border.
 * Sec. 1102. Additional U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers. - adds 3,500 additional trained border guards by 2017
 * Sec. 1103. National Guard support to secure the Southern border. - This provision authorizes the National Guard to be deployed to the Southwest border for the following purposes:
 * (1) to construct fencing, including double-layer and triple-layer fencing;
 * (2) to increase ground-based mobile surveillance systems;
 * (3) to deploy additional unarmed, unmanned aerial systems and manned aircraft sufficient to maintain continuous surveillance of the Southern Border;
 * (4) to deploy and provide capability for radio communications interoperability between U.S. Customs and Border Protection and State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies;
 * (5) to construct checkpoints along the Southern border to bridge the gap to long-term permanent checkpoints; and
 * (6) to provide assistance to U.S. Customs and Border Protection, particularly in rural,high-trafficked areas, as designated by the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.


 * Sec. 1104. Enhancement of existing border security operations. - This section authorizes and funds border crossing prosecutions and related court costs in the Tucson Sector at a level sufficient to increase the average number of prosecutions from 70 a day to 210 a day ($50 million from the $3 billion Border Security Fund). It also provides increased funding for Operation Stonegarden to assist state and local law enforcement to help prevent illegal activity along the border.  Finally, this section provides additional funding for additional border patrol stations and forward operating bases to interdict individuals entering the United States unlawfully immediately after such individuals cross the Southern border and to provide full operational support in rural, high-trafficked areas.
 * Sec. 1105. Border security on certain Federal land. - This section changes existing laws to allow Homeland Security Officials to access all Federal Lands in order to capture drug traffickers, human smugglers, and other unlawful actors attempting to cross through federally protected lands
 * Sec. 1106. Equipment and technology. - This section provides funding for vital radio communications and interoperability between Customs and Border Patrol and state, local, and tribal law enforcement to assist in apprehension efforts along the border.
 * Sec. 1107. Access to emergency personnel.
 * Sec. 1108. Southwest Border region prosecution initiative.
 * Sec. 1109. Interagency collaboration.
 * Sec. 1110. SCAAP reauthorization. - This section reauthorizes the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP) to reimburse state and local law enforcement for the cost of incarcerating criminal undocumented immigrants.
 * Sec. 1111. Use of force.
 * Sec. 1112. Training for border security and immigration enforcement officers.
 * Sec. 1113. Department of Homeland Security Border Oversight Task Force.
 * Sec. 1114. Immigration ombudsman.
 * Sec. 1115. Reports.
 * Sec. 1116. Severability.

Title II - Immigrant Visas
Subtitle A--Registration and Adjustment of Registered Provisional Immigrants

The focus of Subtitle A is changing the status of illegal immigrants already present in the United States. The section creates the category of "registered provisional immigrant" (RPI) and outlines the steps necessary to obtain this status, as well as what qualities or characteristics of an illegal immigrant will prohibit them from obtaining it. Immigrants must apply to have their status changed. In order to be eligible, they must have started residing in the United States prior to December 31, 2011 and have been physically present since then. They must then pay a $500 penalty fee, are assessed taxes, and must pay application fees to cover the cost of their application.

Illegal immigrants are ineligible to change their status if they:
 * were convicted of an aggravated felony
 * were convicted of a felony
 * were convicted of three or more misdemeanors
 * were convicted of an offense under foreign law
 * voted unlawfully
 * or are judged to be inadmissible for criminal, national security, public health, or other morality grounds.

Additional provisions:
 * Spouses and children of people in RPI status can be petitioned for as derivatives of the principal applicant (but must be in the United States at the time).
 * Immigrants in RPI status can work for any employer and travel outside of the United States
 * Individuals outside of the United States who were previously here before December 31, 2011 and were deported for non-criminal reasons can apply to re-enter the United States in RPI status if they are the spouse, of or parent of a child who is, United States citizen or lawful permanent resident; or are a childhood arrival who is eligible for the DREAM Act.
 * The application period will be for 1 year with the possibility of extension by the Secretary for an additional 1 year.
 * Individuals with removal orders will be permitted to apply as will aliens currently in removal proceedings.
 * RPI status shall last for a 6-year term that is renewable if the immigrant does not commit any acts that would render the alien deportable. Another $500 penalty fee is applicable at this time.
 * The Secretary may collect a processing fee from individuals who register for RPI status in an amount that is sufficient to recover all of the costs of implementing the registration program.
 * An individual who has been granted RPI status is not eligible for any Federal means-tested public benefit (as such term is defined in section 403 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 ).
 * An individual who adjusts from registered provisional immigrant status to lawful permanent residence shall be deemed, as of the date of such adjustment, to have completed the five-year period specified in and.
 * A noncitizen granted registered provisional immigrant status under this section shall be considered lawfully present in the United States for all purposes, while such noncitizen remains in such status, except that the noncitizen
 * is not entitled to the premium assistance tax credit authorized under section 36B of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and
 * shall be subject to the rules applicable to individuals not lawfully present that are set forth in section 1402(e) of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
 * After 10 years, aliens in RPI status may adjust to Lawful Permanent Resident Status through the same Merit Based System everyone else must use to earn a green card (described below)if the following things have occurred:
 * The alien maintained continuous physical presence
 * They paid all taxes owed during the period that they are in status as an RPI
 * They worked in the United States regularly;
 * And demonstrated knowledge of Civics and English
 * All people currently waiting for family and employment green cards as of the date of enactment have had their priority date become current.
 * A $1,000 penalty fee is rendered

In Section 2103, the DREAM Act (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act of 2013) focuses on adjusting the immigration status of illegal immigrants who entered the United States as minor children. The Department of Homeland Security can change the immigration status of immigrants who arrived in the United States before turning 16, have been registered provisional immigrants for at least five years, and has earned an education in the United States (by graduating high school, getting a GED, attending 2 or more years of college education at a bachelor's degree level or higher) or spend four or more years in the Uniformed Services (with an honorable discharge). DREAM Act kids can get their green cards in five years and will be eligible for citizenship immediately after that.

Section 2104 - Additional requirements creates rules about how the data immigrants submit as part of their application can be used, limiting it to immigration related purposes. It also establishes some procedures for reviewing immigration status decisions and challenging them in court. Section 2105 - Criminal penalty describes the penalties (a fine of up to $10,000) to anyone who deliberately misuses immigration data by using it, publishing it, or permitting it to be examined.

Section 2106 - Grant program to assist eligible applicants establishes a grant program that would grant funds to non-profits to help promote and arrange the registration of illegal immigrants.

Section 2107 - Conforming amendments to the Social Security Act deals with, among other things, provisions regarding the separation of children from their parents due to immigration problems.

Subtitle B--Agricultural Worker Program


 * Sec. 2201. Short title.
 * Sec. 2202. Definitions.

Chapter 1--Program for Earned Status Adjustment of Agricultural Workers


 * subchapter a--blue card status
 * Sec. 2211. Requirements for blue card status.
 * Sec. 2212. Adjustment to permanent resident status.
 * Sec. 2213. Use of information.
 * Sec. 2214. Reports on blue cards.
 * Sec. 2215. Authorization of appropriations.


 * subchapter b--correction of social security records
 * Sec. 2221. Correction of social security records.

Chapter 2--Nonimmigrant Agricultural Visa Program
 * Sec. 2231. Nonimmigrant classification for nonimmigrant agricultural workers.
 * Sec. 2232. Establishment of nonimmigrant agricultural worker program.
 * Sec. 2233. Transition of H-2A worker program.
 * Sec. 2234. Reports to Congress on nonimmigrant agricultural workers.

Chapter 3--Other Provisions
 * Sec. 2241. Rulemaking.
 * Sec. 2242. Reports to Congress.
 * Sec. 2243. Effective date.

Subtitle C--Future Immigration This section begins on page 256.

Subtitle C focuses on reforming current legal immigration law. This includes provisions about family members of U.S. citizens immigrating into the country, merit-based systems of immigration, and immigration related to work visas.

Changes to family-based immigration:
 * Currently, there are four preference categories based on family relationships and 480,000 visas are allocated to family. Under the new system there will be two family preference categories and they will cover unmarried adult children; married adult children who file before age 31, and unmarried adult children of lawful permanent residents. The bill would expand the current V visa to include those with family relationships.
 * The bill repeals the availability of immigrant visas for siblings of U.S. citizens once 18 months have elapsed since the date of enactment.
 * The bill amends the definition of “immediate relative” to include a child or spouse of an alien admitted for lawful permanent residence, and the child or spouse of an alien who is accompanying or following to join the child, parent or spouse of a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident.
 * The bill amends the existing category for married sons and daughters of citizens of the United States to bar anyone from entering who is over 30 years of age.
 * The bill repeals the Diversity Visa Program. Aliens who were or are selected for diversity immigrant visas for fiscal years 2013 or 2014 will be eligible to receive them. See Section 2303 - Repeal of the diversity visa program.

Changes to employment-based immigration:
 * On the employment green card categories, the bill exempts the following categories from the annual numerical limits on employment-based immigrants: derivative beneficiaries of employment-based immigrants; aliens of extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business or athletics; outstanding professors and researchers; multinational executives and managers; doctoral degree holders in STEM field; and physicians who have completed the foreign residency requirements or have received a waiver.
 * The bill then allocates 40 percent of the worldwide level of employment-based visas to : 1)members of the professions holding advanced degrees or their equivalent whose services are sought in the sciences, arts, professions, or business by an employer in the United States(including certain aliens with foreign medical degrees) and 2) aliens who have earned a master’s degree or higher in a field of science, technology, engineering or mathematics from an accredited U.S. institution of higher education and have an offer of employment in a related field and the qualifying degree was earned in the five years immediately before the petition was filed.
 * The bill increases the percentage of employment visas for skilled workers, professionals, and other professionals to 40 percent, maintains the percentage of employment visas for certain special immigrants to 10 percent and maintains visas for those who foster employment creation to 10 percent.
 * The bill creates a startup visa for foreign entrepreneurs who seek to emigrate to the United States to startup their own companies.

Merit-based visa system:
 * The merit-based visa system is described in Section 2301 - Merit-based points track one and Section 2302 - Merit-based track two. The merit based visa, created in the fifth year after enactment, awards points to individuals based on their education, employment, length of residence in the US and other considerations. Those individuals with the most points earn the visas. Those who access the merit based pathway to earn their visa are expected to be talented individuals, individuals in our worker programs and individuals with family here. 120,000 visas will be available per year based on merit. The number would increase by 5% per year if demand exceeds supply in any year where unemployment is under 8.5%. There will be a maximum cap of 250,000 visas.
 * Under one component of this merit based system the Secretary will allocate merit-based immigrant visas beginning on October 1, 2014 for employment-based visas that have been pending for three years, family-based petitions that were filed prior to enactment and have been pending for five years, long-term alien workers and other merit based immigrant workers.

Title III - Interior Enforcement
Subtitle A--Employment Verification System

Sec. 3101. Unlawful employment of unauthorized aliens. Sec. 3102. Increasing security and integrity of social security cards. Sec. 3103. Increasing security and integrity of immigration documents. Sec. 3104. Responsibilities of the Social Security Administration. Sec. 3105. Improved prohibition on discrimination based on national origin or citizenship status. Sec. 3106. Rulemaking.

Subtitle B--Protecting United States Workers

Sec. 3201. Protections for victims of serious violations of labor and employment law or crime. Sec. 3202. Employment Verification System Education Funding. Sec. 3203. Directive to the United States Sentencing Commission. Sec. 3204. Confidentiality for victims of crime.

Subtitle C--Other Provisions

Sec. 3301. Funding. Sec. 3302. Effective date. Sec. 3303. Mandatory exit system. Sec. 3304. Identity-theft resistant manifest information for passengers, crew, and non-crew onboard departing aircraft and vessels. Sec. 3305. Profiling.

Subtitle D--Asylum and Refugee Provisions

Sec. 3401. Time limits and efficient adjudication of genuine asylum claims. Sec. 3402. Refugee family protections. Sec. 3403. Clarification on designation of certain refugees. Sec. 3404. Asylum determination efficiency. Sec. 3405. Stateless persons in the United States. Sec. 3406. U visa accessibility. Sec. 3407. Representation at overseas refugee interviews.

Subtitle E--Shortage of Immigration Court Resources for Removal Proceedings

Sec. 3501. Shortage of immigration court personnel for removal proceedings. Sec. 3502. Improving immigration court efficiency and reducing costs by increasing access to legal information. Sec. 3503. Office of Legal Access Programs. Sec. 3504. Codifying Board of Immigration Appeals. Sec. 3505. Improved training for immigration judges and Board Members. Sec. 3506. Improved resources and technology for immigration courts and Board of Immigration Appeals.

Subtitle F--Prevention of Trafficking in Persons and Abuses Involving Workers Recruited Abroad

Sec. 3601. Definitions. Sec. 3602. Disclosure. Sec. 3603. Prohibition on discrimination. Sec. 3604. Recruitment fees. Sec. 3605. Registration. Sec. 3606. Bonding requirement. Sec. 3607. Maintenance of lists. Sec. 3608. Amendment to the Immigration and Nationality Act. Sec. 3609. Responsibilities of Secretary of State. Sec. 3610. Enforcement provisions. Sec. 3611. Rule of construction. Sec. 3612. Regulations.

Subtitle G--Interior Enforcement

Sec. 3701. Criminal street gangs. Sec. 3702. Banning habitual drunk drivers from the United States. Sec. 3703. Sexual abuse of a minor. Sec. 3704. Illegal entry. Sec. 3705. Reentry of removed alien. Sec. 3706. Penalties related to removal. Sec. 3707. Reform of passport, visa, and immigration fraud offenses. Sec. 3708. Combating schemes to defraud aliens. Sec. 3709. Inadmissibility and removal for passport and immigration fraud offenses. Sec. 3710. Directives related to passport and document fraud. Sec. 3711. Inadmissible aliens. Sec. 3712. Organized and abusive human smuggling activities. Sec. 3713. Preventing criminals from renouncing citizenship during wartime. Sec. 3714. Diplomatic security service. Sec. 3715. Secure alternatives programs. Sec. 3716. Oversight of detention facilities. Sec. 3717. Procedures for bond hearings and filing of notices to appear. Sec. 3718. Sanctions for countries that delay or prevent repatriation of their nationals. Sec. 3719. Gross violations of human rights.

Title IV - Reforms to Nonimmigrant Visa Programs
Subtitle A--Employment-based Nonimmigrant Visas

Sec. 4101. Market-based H-1B visa limits. Sec. 4102. Employment authorization for dependents of employment-based nonimmigrants. Sec. 4103. Eliminating impediments to worker mobility. Sec. 4104. STEM Education and Training.

Subtitle B--H-1B Visa Fraud and Abuse Protections

Chapter 1--H-1B Employer Application Requirements Sec. 4211. Modification of application requirements. Sec. 4212. Requirements for admission of nonimmigrant nurses in health professional shortage areas. Sec. 4213. New application requirements. Sec. 4214. Application review requirements.

Chapter 2-- Investigation and Disposition of Complaints Against H-1B Employers Sec. 4221. General modification of procedures for investigation and disposition. Sec. 4222. Investigation, working conditions, and penalties. Sec. 4223. Initiation of investigations. Sec. 4224. Information sharing.

Chapter 3--Other Protections Sec. 4231. Posting available positions through the Department of Labor. Sec. 4232. H-1B government authority and requirements. Sec. 4233. Requirements for information for H-1B and L nonimmigrants. Sec. 4234. Filing fee for H-1B-dependent employers. Sec. 4235. Providing premium processing of employment-based visa petitions. Sec. 4236. Technical correction. Sec. 4237. Application.

Subtitle C--L Visa Fraud and Abuse Protections

Sec. 4301. Prohibition on outplacement of L nonimmigrants. Sec. 4302. L employer petition requirements for employment at new offices. Sec. 4303. Cooperation with Secretary of State. Sec. 4304. Limitation on employment of L nonimmigrants. Sec. 4305. Filing fee for L nonimmigrants. Sec. 4306. Investigation and disposition of complaints against L nonimmigrant employers. Sec. 4307. Penalties. Sec. 4308. Prohibition on retaliation against L nonimmigrants. Sec. 4309. Reports on L nonimmigrants. Sec. 4310. Application. Sec. 4311. Report on L blanket petition process.

Subtitle D--Other Nonimmigrant Visas

Sec. 4401. Nonimmigrant visas for students. Sec. 4402. Classification for specialty occupation workers from free trade countries. Sec. 4403. E-visa reform. Sec. 4404. Other changes to nonimmigrant visas. Sec. 4405. Treatment of nonimmigrants during adjudication of application. Sec. 4406. Nonimmigrant elementary and secondary school students.

Subtitle E--JOLT Act

Sec. 4501. Short titles. Sec. 4502. Premium processing. Sec. 4503. Encouraging Canadian tourism to the United States. Sec. 4504. Retiree visa. Sec. 4505. Incentives for foreign visitors visiting the United States during low peak seasons. Sec. 4506. Visa waiver program enhanced security and reform. Sec. 4507. Expediting entry for priority visitors. Sec. 4508. Visa processing.

Subtitle F--Reforms to the H-2B Visa Program

Sec. 4601. Extension of returning worker exemption to H-2B numerical limitation. Sec. 4602. Other requirements for H-2B employers. Sec. 4603. Nonimmigrants participating in relief operations. Sec. 4604. Nonimmigrants performing maintenance on common carriers.

Subtitle G--W Nonimmigrant Visas

Sec. 4701. Bureau of Immigration and Labor Market Research. Sec. 4702. Nonimmigrant classification for W nonimmigrants. Sec. 4703. Admission of W nonimmigrant workers.

Subtitle H--Investing in New Venture, Entrepreneurial Startups, and Technologies

Sec. 4801. Nonimmigrant INVEST visas. Sec. 4802. INVEST immigrant visa. Sec. 4803. Administration and oversight

Members

 * Sen. Michael Bennet, D-CO
 * Sen. Richard J. Durbin, D-IL
 * Sen. Jeff Flake, R-AZ
 * Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-SC
 * Sen. John McCain, R-AZ
 * Sen. Bob Menendez, D-NJ
 * Sen. Marco Rubio, R-FL
 * Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-NY

Senate actions
S. 744 was introduced into the Senate by Senator Chuck Schumer (D-NY) on April 16, 2013, with the other seven members of the Gang of Eight serving as co-sponsors. The bill was then referred to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary.

The bill had several additional titles or subtitles, including: (1) the JOLT Act of 2013, (2) the Jobs Originated through Launching Travel Act of 2013, (3) the DREAM Act 2013, (4) the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act of 2013, and (5) the Agricultural Worker Program Act of 2013.

Impact
If passed, S. 744 is expected to have a positive impact on the Arizona economy. The bill provides additional funding for border guards, who would be living in Arizona, as well as for constructing the border fence, which would create new construction jobs. Increasing the number of border guards may also help speed up legal entry to the United States, increasing trade and tourism.