User:HistoryofIran/sandbox

=To do=
 * Abarsam
 * Abdul Qadir Gilani
 * Abu al-Hasan al-Daylami
 * Qutb al-Din Shirazi

Small Hellenistic/Parthian era kingdoms

 * Kingdom of Hatra
 * Atropatene
 * Adiabene
 * Osroene
 * Kingdom of Sophene

Other stuff
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 * Friedrich Nietzsche & Persian literature in Western culture ->

Poets, authors
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 * Farrukhi Sistani
 * Shams Tabrizi
 * Hamdallah Mustawfi
 * Ubayd Zakani
 * Ferdowsi
 * Daqiqi
 * Ibn al-Muqaffa'
 * Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi
 * Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari

Viziers
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 * Mihr Narseh
 * Sahib ibn Abbad
 * Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh
 * Khalifeh Sultan
 * Nizam al-Mulk
 * Al-Fadl ibn Sahl
 * Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami
 * Sukhra
 * Shams al-Din Juvayni
 * Ata-Malik Juvayni
 * Mirza Salman Jaberi

Create:

Achaemenid/Parthian/Sasanian monarchs 550 BC–651 CE
Long-term goal: bring the majority of Parthian/Sasanian monarchs to GA. Not possible to bring all of them to GA due to lack of information.

Median

 * Deioces (727-675 BC)

Achaemenid

 * Cyrus the Great (559-530 BC) -> article is generally messy and needs a complete rewrite
 * Cambyses II (530 BC–522 BC) - page 93
 * Darius II (423 BC–403 BC)
 * Artaxerxes II (403 BC–358 BC)
 * Artaxerxes III (358 BC–338 BC)
 * Arses of Persia (338 BC–336 BC)
 * Darius III (336 BC–330 BC)
 * Bessus (330 BC–329 BC)

Arsacid/Parthian

 * Arsaces I of Parthia (247–217 BC)
 * Priapatius (191–176 BC)
 * Phraates I (170/168–165/64 BC)
 * Mithridates I of Parthia (171-132 BC) -> name, early coin type
 * Phraates II (132-127 BC)  -> Shayegan, p. 128
 * Artabanus I of Parthia (127-124/3 BC)
 * Mithridates II of Parthia (124-88 BC)
 * Gotarzes I (91–87/80 BC)
 * Orodes I (85–80 BC)
 * Phraates III (69–57 BC)
 * Orodes II (57–37 BC)
 * Pacorus I (39 BC)
 * Phraates IV (37–2 BC)
 * Musa (2 BC–4 AD)
 * Phraates V (2 BC-2 CE)
 * Vardanes I (40-46)
 * Gotarzes II (40–51)
 * Vologases I of Parthia (51–78)
 * Pacorus II (78–110)
 * Osroes I§ (109–129)
 * Vologases III of Parthia (110–147)
 * Vologases IV (147–191)
 * Vologases V (191–208)
 * Vologases VI (208–228)
 * Artabanus IV of Parthia (213–224)

Sasanian

 * Ardashir I (224–242)
 * Shapur I (240–270)
 * Hormizd I (270–271) -> mention his mother, the daughter of Mihrak
 * Bahram I (271–274) -> perhaps more emphasis about what years he in reality reigned, as there is more than one timeline of years of rule ascribed to him. Perhaps more emphasis about his relation with Mani as well (though it may have in reality been Narseh who dealt with Mani during his term as governor of Sakastan; this is still obsecure though and will be further analysed in future sources)
 * Bahram II (274–293)
 * Bahram III (293)
 * Narseh (293–302)
 * Hormizd II (302–309)
 * Shapur II (309–379)
 * Ardashir II (379–383) -> needs expanding in relief section (?)
 * Shapur III (383–388)
 * Bahram IV (388–399)
 * Yazdegerd I (399–420) -> his brief persecution at the end of his reign, how the Christians viewed him, his comparison to Constantine the Great, the Mithraitic legend of his death, "Even the native tradition "
 * Bahram V (420–438) -> add Mikalid claim, add Buyid claim, Haft Peykar fix, add Hasht Bihisht, expand Byzantine war, fix coin section, bit more on Armenia
 * Yazdegerd II (438–457) -> the actual reason behind his war against the Romans needs to be mentioned, more detail regarding his war against the Hephthalites, and Fereydun and his three sons receving each part of the ancient world
 * Hormizd III (457–459)
 * Peroz I (459–484) -> Sasanian characteristics of the Bolnisi Sioni, Sindh mint, famine, relations with the Mihranids, Judaism, relations with Mihr Narseh, Zurvanism, crowns, mby assessment and legacy?
 * Balash (484–488)
 * Kavad I (488–531) -> more details on background/state of the Sasanian Empire,  more details on the Mazdakite movement, his sons (Jamasp and Kawus), his date of birth, Justinians efforts to turn Yemen against Kavad, the Sasanians being accepted as legitimate monarchs of the Christians under Kavad,  the loss of Khorasan  and death of Kavad's brothers in 484,  how his sister/wife helped him escape, unlikely for him to being captured after Peroz's loss, due to in reality not being born at that time, Historiography (?)
 * Khosrow I (531–579)
 * Hormizd IV (579–590) -> overthrow and fall: vinduyih, imprisonment of nobles, need to mention his brief imprisonment, his policies (background of the Parthian-Sasanian partnership, his attempt to remove the Parthians, make the Sasanians an absolute monarchy, and war against the Byzantines )
 * Khosrow II (590-628)
 * Bahram Chobin§ (590–591)
 * Vistahm§ (591–596)
 * Kavad II (628) -> mention how many historians criticize the execution of his brothers, even considering to play a key-role in the downfall of the Sasanian Empire. mention how Pourshariati considered Kavad II to a be puppet of the grandees, such as Piruz Khosrow, and how the army had split up into three (Shahrbaraz, Adurbadagan, and Nemroz). mention Kavad II's relation with Shirin and how he is portrayed in Persian literature. expand Coinage and Religious Policy sections.
 * Ardashir III (628–629)
 * Shahrbaraz (630)
 * Boran (629-632)
 * Azarmidokht (630-631)
 * Farrukh Hormizd§ (630–631)
 * Yazdegerd III (632–651)

In the 5th-century, the mythological term of Turan came to denote the lands above the Oxus River, i.e. Transoxiana, which the Hunnic tribes ruled. In Iranian mythology, the Turanians were the ancient rivals of the Iranians and worshippers of the devil Ahriman. ->

Achaemenid/Seleucid/Parthian/Sasanian related articles
Expand:
 * "In any case, the presence of Iranians other than Persians around the king is not open to doubt" - From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire, p. 352
 * Derafsh Kaviani
 * Atropates
 * Datames
 * Mazaeus
 * Ariobarzanes of Persis
 * Roxana
 * Andragoras (Seleucid satrap)
 * Wahbarz
 * Hyspaosines
 * Battle of Hormozdgan
 * Battle of Avarayr
 * Kartir
 * Administrative divisions of the Sasanian Empire
 * Rostam Farrokhzad
 * Bahman Jaduya
 * Piruz Khosrow
 * Anahid fire-temple
 * Muslim conquest of Persia
 * Jalinus J¯ al¯ın¯us

Iranian intermezzo
Expand:

Create:
 * Azhar-e Khar

Iranians in Asia Minor
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 * Mithridates VI of Pontus

Armenia
Expand:


 * Artaxias I

Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar kings
Long-term goal: bring the majority of Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar kings to GA.


 * Ismail I (1501–1524)
 * Tahmasp I (1524–1576)
 * Ismail II (1576–1577)
 * Mohammad Khodabanda (1577–1587)
 * Abbas I (1587–1629)
 * Safi (1629–1642)
 * Abbas II (1642–1666)
 * Suleiman I (1666–1694)
 * Sultan Husayn (1694-1722)
 * Tahmasp II (1722–1732)
 * Abbas III (1732–1736)
 * Nader Shah (1736–1747)
 * Karim Khan Zand (1751–1779)
 * Sadeq Khan Zand (1779–1781)
 * Lotf Ali Khan (1789–1794)
 * Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (1789–1797)

Medieval Iranian kings

 * Isma'il ibn Ahmad
 * Fariburz I
 * Farrukhzad

Kings in Gilan/Daylam/Mazandaran
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 * Asfar ibn Shiruya
 * Mardavij
 * Vushmgir
 * Farrukhzad
 * Mazyar
 * Farrukhan the Great
 * Shah Ghazi Rustam
 * Adhar Valash

Seljuq rulers and officials
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 * Tughril
 * Alp Arslan
 * Malik-Shah I
 * Ahmad Sanjar

Ghaznavid rulers and officials
Expand:


 * Mahmud of Ghazni
 * Mas'ud I of Ghazni
 * Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi
 * Abu Nasr Mushkan
 * Ahmad Shirazi

Timurid era
Ghiyas al-Din Pir Ahmad Khvafi and his son Majd al-Din Muhammad Khvafi - Timurids in transition

M�rak - Timurids in transition

Regions/Provinces/Peoples
Expand:


 * Bactria
 * Khwarazm
 * Tabaristan
 * Parthia
 * Daylamites
 * Spahan (province)
 * Makuran
 * Nodardashiragan
 * Mazun
 * Gurgan (Sasanian province)
 * Khuzistan (Sasanian province)

Cities
Expand:


 * Ctesiphon
 * Ghazni under the Ghaznavids

= Safavid Mazandaran =

The Mazandaran province was a province of the Safavid Empire, which almost corresponded to the present-day province of Mazandaran.

History
In 1596, Farhad Khan was appointed as the governor of Mazandaran. However, the province was still ruled by various vassal rulers, whom Farhad Khan took action against; before the upcoming year, Farhad Khan had seized Hezarjarib and after a two-month siege, captured the capital of the province, Amol, killing its local ruler Sayyid Muzaffar. After having successfully subjugated Mazandaran, Farhad Khan left the province under the control of one of his other brothers, Alvand Sultan. However, the Paduspanid ruler Bahman of Larijan shortly rebelled against the latter, but was defeated by Farhad Khan, who seized Larijan, Nur and Kojur. Farhad Khan then advanced to Savadkuh, which he had by 1597 captured, thus subduing all of Mazandaran.

List of rulers
The rulers in italics were not from the Marashi family.

Sari

 * Qavam al-Din I 1357-1362
 * Kamal al-Din I 1362-1393
 * Jamshid Karin Ghawri 1393-1404
 * Shams al-Din Karin Ghawri 1404-1406
 * Ali Sari (abans d'Amor) 1406-1410
 * Yahya (associat) 1406-1410
 * Sharaf al-Din (associat) 1406-1410
 * Murtada I 1410-1411
 * Ali Sari (2a vegada) 1411-1417
 * Murtada I (2a vegada) 1417-1433
 * Shams al-Din Mohammad 1433-1452
 * Abdollah I 1452
 * Abdol-Karim I 1452-1459
 * Abu Said ibn Muhammad de Transoxiana 1459-1460
 * Abdol-Karim I 1460 (second reign)
 * Abu Said ibn Muhammad de Transoxiana 1460 (second reign)
 * Mahmud ibn Abu Saïd 1460-1461
 * Abdol-Karim I 1461 (tercera vegada)
 * Abdollah I 1461-1462 (second reign)
 * Kamal al-Din II 1462-1463
 * Abdollah 1463-1465 (tercera vegada)
 * Mir Qavan 1465
 * Abdollah 1465-1467 (quarta vegada)
 * Zeyn al-Abedin 1467-1470
 * Abdol-Karim II 1470-1471
 * Zeyn al Abedin 1471-1476 (second reign)
 * Abdol-Karim II 1476-1477 (second reign) també a Amol governant tot Mazanderan

Amol

 * Qavam al-Din I 1357-1362
 * Rida al-Din 1362-1393
 * Iskandar-i Shaykhi 1393-1403
 * Ali (Ali Sari) 1403-1406
 * Ghiyath al-Din (associat) 1403-1406
 * Qavam al-Din II 1406-1407
 * Ali Amoli 1407-1412
 * Qavam al-Din II 1412-1415 (second reign)
 * Ali Amoli 1415-1420 (second reign)
 * Qavam al-Din 1420-1435 (third reign)
 * Kamal al-Din 1435-1440
 * Abdol-Karim 1440-1441
 * Kamal al-Din 1441 (second reign)
 * Murtada 1441
 * Kamal al-Din 1441-1442 (third reign)
 * Murtada 1442-1443 (second reign)
 * Kamal al-Din 1443-1445 (quarta vegada)
 * Murtada 1445-1453 (third reign)
 * Shams al-Din 1453-1460
 * Asad Allah 1460-1472
 * Ibrahim 1472-1473
 * Asad Allah 1473-1474 (second reign)
 * Hasan 1474-1475
 * Asad Allah 1475-1476 (third reign)
 * Abd al-Karim (II de Sari i d'Amol, III sayyid marashi) 1476-1477 (governa Sari i Amol, o sigui tot el Mazanderan)

Mazandaran

 * Zeyn al-Abedin (third reign in Sari and Amol) 1477-1480
 * Abdol-Karim II (third reign in Sari and Amol) 1480-1481
 * Zeyn al-Abedin (fourth reign in Sari and Amol) 1481-1486
 * Shams al-Din (I de Sari i II d'Amol) 1486-1487
 * Abdol-Karim II (fourth reign a Sari i tercera a Amol) 1487-1488
 * Annexió a l'emirat dels qara qoyunlu 1488-1490
 * Abdol-Karim II (fifth reign in Sari and Amol) 1490-1491
 * Annexió a l'emirat dels qara qoyunlu 1491-1492
 * Shams al-Din (I de Sari i II d'Amol, second reign) 1492-1500
 * Kamal al-Din III de Sari (II d'Amol) 1500-1503
 * Abdol-Karim II (sixth reign a Sari-Barfurushdih i cinquena a Amol-1/2) 1503-1510
 * Agha Rostam Ruzafzun, regent 1503-1510
 * Abdol-Karim II (seventh reign in Sari and Amol) 1510-1526
 * Mohammad ibn Rostam Ruzafzun, regent vers 1412-1415
 * Mohammad ibn Rostam Ruzafzun 1526-1546
 * Sultan Mahmud (in Barfurusdih) 1526-1527
 * Amir Shahi (in Barfurushdih) 1527-1531
 * Agha Rostam ibn Mohammad Ruzafzun 1546-1550
 * Suhrab 1550
 * Mir Abdollah Khan II 1550-1561
 * Sultan Morad I 1561-1576
 * Mir Khan Mahmud 1576-1577 (part)
 * Hasan Mirza 1576-1577 (part)
 * Mir Khan Mahmud 1577-1578 (sol)
 * Mir Ali Khan 1578-1579
 * Khayr al-Nisa Begum 1579-1580
 * Sultan Morad II 1580-1596

= index = = List of cities founded by the Sasanians =

= Coronation of the Sasanian monarch = The Coronation of the Sasanian monarch was a ceremony in which the King of Kings (shahanshah) was formally invested with a crown.

= Al-Nasawi = Al-Nasawi was born in the fortress of Khurandiz, which was close to the town of Zaydar and formed a part of the outposts of Nasa. Al-Nasawi reports that his family had inhabited the area since the spread of Islam there.

= Kings of Armenia 12–428 =

= Amastris = https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=96676

= Callinicus = Mithridates I Callinicus (Μιθριδάτης ὀ Кαλλίνικος) was the Orontid king of Commagene from 100 BC to 70 BC. Contrary to the previous Commagenean kings, more details are known regarding the reign of Mithridates and his son and successor Antiochus I Theos ((r. 70 – 31)).

https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/commagene-a-portion-of-southwestern-asia-minor-modern-turkey-

=Administrative divisions of Safavid Iran = The administrative divisions of Safavid Iran were administrative divisions of the state organisation of Safavid Iran.

In terms of financial management, the Safavids used the ancient Sasanian design of dividing the country into four regions (North, West, South, East).

Zand

 * 1)
 * 2)
 * 3)
 * 4)
 * 5)
 * 6)
 * 7)

= GA =
 * Mahsati
 * Shirvanshah
 * Valeh Daghestani
 * Kayumarth I
 * Aziz Khan Mokri
 * Qasim-i Anvar
 * Shahid Balkhi, needs images, need to be mentioned that Balkh was in Khurasan, needs to be mentioned that Shahid worked in the Chaghaniyan court, more on his legacy/status as a poet needs to be mentioned

Poets

 * Saadi Shirazi
 * Khaqani
 * Shams Tabrizi
 * Hafez
 * Attar of Nishapur
 * Ferdowsi
 * Shah Nimatullah Wali
 * Nasir Khusraw
 * Mahsati
 * Khwaju Kermani

= Zand titles = "In fact, they were twice removed from royalty, since they nominally supported one or other of Karim's sons as titular head of state--the title being presumably vakil but not explicitly so stated. None of the Zand rulers from Zaki Khan to Lotf 'Ali claimed any title loftier than that of khan" - p. 217 Perry, John R. (1979). Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747–1779.

A common reference for consecutive rulers was Nader's mention of Iran's established borders during the Safavid dynasty. The same justification was employed by Karim Khan Zand and Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar to resolve similar land dispute resolutions. Iran facing o thers

= Mohammad Khiabani =

Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani (also spelled Khiyabani;, 1880–1920), was an Iranian religious scholar and political leader who founded the short-lived state Azadistan.

Born in the village of Khameneh in the Azerbaijan province, he was the son of Haji Abdol Hamid, a merchant. After completing his primary education in Khameneh, Mohammed moved to Petrovsk in Dagestan to work for his father's company. After a while, he went back to Iran to study religious studies in Tabriz, where he was taught jurisprudence by Haji Mirza Abol Hasan Agha Angji.

The two communist parties Tudeh party and later Azerbaijani Democratic Party created a narrative a Khiabani and his party were pro-Bolshevik revolutionaries who might have planned to break away from Iranian rule and even proclaim a Soviet socialist government. The nature and intent of Khiabani's revolt, however, are largely refuted by recent data, which also sheds significant insight on his character as an admired political figure, the movement he headed, and the emergence and downfall of his uprising.