User:Hlux1999/sandbox

What is the topic?

My topic is injuries occurring during consensual intercourse, both penile and vaginal injuries.

Why is this topic important or meaningful?

I think this topic is meaningful because injuries during sex are only really discussed in then context of sexual assault. In reality injuries can happen during consensual sex, wether it be major or minor. I think it is important for people, especially women, to know what injuries can result from everyday sexual encounters and how to possibly prevent them.

Does it already have a Wiki page covering it?

There is a Wiki page on sexual injuries.

If so, what gaps in content do you see?

There is no section on injuries resulting from consensual sex, only from sexual assault.

How do you plan on addressing those gaps?

I plan on addressing these gaps by adding two sections, one on vaginal injury due to consensual sex, and one on penile injury due to consensual sex. I will cover major and minor injuries alike whether that may be just light bleeding or something as severe as penile fracture. In my research, things like sexual assault injuries may be mentioned because many of the studies on consensual sex injuries mention sexual assault injuries a well. I am hoping to find a study that talks about consensual injuries for same sex intercourse as well so that I am not only talking about vaginal intercourse between a man and woman. I also may add a section of preventative measures if I can find any medical articles to support what I think good preventative measures are, I am keeping this a solely medical topic.

What are the main points you will be making in your page?

The main points that I will be making in the sections I am adding is that injuries during consensual intercourse are not as uncommon as one may think along with what the injuries are so people know when they see it. Another point I hope to make is how to avoid vaginal injuries through things like foreplay and lubricant.

'''What sources do you have to back up your points? For this assignment, provide at least 3 sources for points you’d like to make (remember, you’ll need at least 5 sources for the final project).'''

These are three that I have found so far but I need to work on finding my solid secondary sources.

Source 1

https://depts.washington.edu/hcsats/training/core_sane/wednesday/Genital%20Findings.pdf

Anderson, Sarah, et al. “Genital Findings of Women After Consensual and Nonconsensual Intercourse.” Journal of Forensic Nursing, vol. 2, no. 2, 2006, pp. 59–65., doi:10.1097/01263942-200606000-00003.

Source 2

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014521341100007X?via%3Dihub

Frioux, Sarah M., et al. “Vaginal Lacerations from Consensual Intercourse in Adolescents.” Child Abuse & Neglect, vol. 35, no. 1, Jan. 2011, pp. 69–73., doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(11)00018-4.

Source 3 Symeonidis, Nikolaos, et al. “Consensual Intercourse Resulting in an Extensive RectovaginalTear: An Extremely Rare Occurrence.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine, vol. 12, no. 2, Feb. 2015, pp. 572–575., doi:10.1002/sm2.2015.3.issue-1.

Source 4

Uğurel, Vedat, et al. “A Rare Case of Rectovaginal Fistula Following Consensual Vaginal Intercourse.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine, vol. 11, no. 5, 20 Feb. 2014, pp. 1345–1348., doi:10.1111/jsm.12472.

Source 5

Astrup, Birgitte Schmidt, and Annemette Wildfang Lykkebo. “Post-Coital Genital Injury in Healthy Women: A Review.” Clinical Anatomy, vol. 28, no. 3, 23 Oct. 2014, pp. 331–338., doi:10.1002/ca.22476.

The History of Studying Genital Trauma
'''Doctors and nurses have been providing sexual assault examinations and have been collecting evidence for victims of assault for 20 years. But the amount of scientific data collected on genital injuries post-sexual assault are still minimal and it has never been collectively viewed. Therefore, there is no statistical evidence to show certain patterned injury after sexual assault. The motivation for investigating and collecting data on the topic of genital injury has primarily been within the context of the legal system, such as proving or disproving sexual assault, rather than for solely medical purposes. The studies that have been done in the past 25 years in relation to sexual assault cases in the judicial system has laid the groundwork for interpreting sexual assault injuries. It is important for there to be physical data on genital injury relating to sexual activity outside the context of the legal system to improve medical knowledge on the subject. Methods of studying and documenting genital injury has greatly improved through the use of tissue staining dyes and colposcopy. The first studies that used newer methods were retrospective chart reviews done in a hospital by a doctor or nurse. These studies used several different methods to identify and document injuries, such as direct visualization, colposcopy, and/or tissue staining dyes. Earlier studies only used direct visualization for their data.'''

Vaginal Trauma from Consensual and Non-consensual Intercourse
'''Vaginal trauma is possible during and after consensual and non-consensual intercourse so it is difficult to determine the circumstances in which the trauma occurs just off physical examination. It has found to be difficult sometimes to differentiate between injuries from consensual sex and injuries from sexual assault in adolescents. Women are three times more likely to have vaginal injuries and intercourse related injuries from a forced assault than from a consensual sexual experience. Vaginal lacerations that happen during consensual or non consensual intercourse might need surgery, but victims of a forced assault will need additional services such as police intervention and trauma counseling. There are almost no research into minor injuries in adult, pre-menopausal women, adolescent girls, and post-menopausal women that do not require surgery or treatment.'''

Why Does Vaginal Trauma Occur?
'''There are actually factors that can predispose women to vaginal injury during consensual sex. These things include: first sexual experience, pregnancy, vigorous penetration, vaginal atrophy and spasm, previous operation or radiation therapy, disproportionate genitalia, penile ornamentation, and congenital anomalies. During vaginal intercourse in the missionary position with legs tilted all the way back, the penis reaches its deepest penetration and the extreme rotation of the uterus leads to hyper distention of the vaginal wall and it may rupture. This position is the most likely for vaginal laceration. The vaginal wall on the right side is the most commonly torn sight in this position. Vaginal lengthening and lubrication usually occur naturally in a consensual sexual situation. Vaginal tearing can occur in rape victims because those two things will not occur. This is consistent with the fact that more injuries result from sexual assault than from consensual intercourse. A failure to have normal vaginal lubrication and dilatation is is thought to be an underlying cause of severe tears in the upper area of the vagina.'''

Types of Vaginal Trauma
'''Intercourse related lacerations can range from superficial tears to more severe lacerations, tears rarely extend into the rectal lumen and the peritoneal cavity. Recto-vaginal injuries are usually a result of assault with a foreign object, rape, or accidental or gynecologic injury. Injuries of this severity that resulted from consensual sex almost never happen and are very rare. Posterior and right vaginal fornix lacerations have been known to occur during consensual vaginal intercourse. The location of these lacerations is usually based on a woman’s reproductive anatomy. It is common for women to have a uterus that lies slightly to the right, this exposes the right fornix and makes it easier for some type of tearing or trauma to occur. Lacerations to the posterior peri-cervical vagina tend to occur in the aforementioned missionary position, hips and legs hyperflexed. Other positions can also expose the posterior vaginal wall that usually protected by the cervix, this allows for posterior fornix tears. Tears in the upper area of the vagina are more often reported in consensual intercourse than forced intercourse. Complications from severe vaginal lacerations, such as from an assault, can include hemoperitoneum, pneumoperitoneum, and retroperitoneal hematoma with or without vaginal perforation. Tears along the long axis of the vagina or the posterior fourchette lacerations are more likely to occur from rape. Lacerations or tears of the hymen are common but are not indicative of consensual or non-consensual intercourse.'''

Treatment of Vaginal Trauma
Diagnosing and treating vaginal trauma can often be difficult and delayed due to the sensitive and personal nature of these types of injuries; this also may be enhanced if the patient is young in age. The repair of most genital injuries just require suture and the bleeding from the area is usually minimal. '''The bleeding that results from extreme vaginal tears can be copious, leading to hemorrhagic shock, and the patient may need a blood transfusion. Treatment of these lacerations could warrant surgical repair.'''

Penile Trauma
'''One type of penile trauma is penile amputation. Penile amputation is a rare injury and is considered an emergency urological condition. Some of the reasons this may occur are self-mutilation with psychiatric disturbances, sexual need, accidents, iatrogenic injuries, or revenge and marriage breakdown. Since this is a rare injury there is no standardized method to treat this. Micro-surgical repair seems to be the most effective method to achieve a return of sensation and erectile function.'''