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Education could not remain unaffected from the technological developments of this era, since its purpose is to prepare the future citizens for the world they will live in, a world where technology affects almost every aspect of everyday life. It had become an imperative need for education to adapt to this world and incorporate Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the classrooms, in accordance to the requirements of society (Kreps & Kimppa, 2015)

In the last two decades, governments and educators all around the world have recognised or are coming to recognise the exceptional promise of ICT to foster teaching and learning in primary schools. However, it is important to note that for ICT to enhance teaching and learning, it needs to be supported by education and school policies and effective professional development for teachers. Therefore, Chapter 3 draws upon existing research and evaluation publications on how ICT has been used successfully in schools to enhance students’ learning outcomes, or has not been successful, and identifies the conditions that support or hinder these ICT mediated teaching and learning practices. UNESCO(3214707)