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Fauna From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see fauna (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) Simplified schematic of an island's fauna - all its animal species, highlighted in boxes.

Fauna is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora. Flora, fauna and other forms of life such as fungi are collectively referred to as biota.

Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the "Burgess Shale fauna". It also can refer to a given subset of the fauna of a given region, as in: "... the Amazon Basin has a rich ant fauna...".

Paleontologists sometimes refer to a sequence of faunal stages, which is a series of rocks all containing similar fossils. Contents

1 Etymology 2 Subdivisions of fauna 2.1 Cryofauna 2.2 Cryptofauna 2.3 Infauna 2.4 Epifauna 2.5 Macrofauna 2.6 Megafauna 2.7 Meiofauna 2.8 Mesofauna 2.9 Microfauna 2.10 Other 3 Other 4 Fauna treatises 4.1 Classic faunas 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Etymology

"Fauna" comes from the Latin names of Fauna, a Roman goddess of earth and fertility, the Roman god Faunus, and the related forest spirits called Fauns. All three words are cognates of the name of the Greek god Pan, and panis is the Greek equivalent of fauna. Fauna is also the word for a book that catalogues the animals in such a manner. The term was first used by Linnaeus in the title of his 1745[1] work Fauna Suecica. Subdivisions of fauna Australian and New Zealand Fauna. This image was likely first published in the first edition (1876–1899) of the Nordisk familjebok. Cryofauna

Cryofauna are animals that live in, or very close to, ice. Cryptofauna

Cryptofauna are animals that are rarely seen and may be extinct or mythological. Infauna

Infauna are benthic organisms that live within the bottom substratum of a body of water, especially within the bottom-most oceanic sediments, rather than on its surface. Bacteria and microalgae may also live in the interstices of bottom sediments. In general infaunal animals become progressively smaller and less abundant with increasing water depth and distance from shore, whereas bacteria show more constancy in abundance, tending toward one billion cells per milliliter of interstitial seawater. Epifauna

Epifauna, also called epibenthos, are aquatic animals that live on the bottom substratum as opposed to within it, that is, the benthic fauna that live on top of the sediment surface at the seafloor. Macrofauna

Macrofauna are benthic or soil organisms which are retained on a 0.5mm sieve. Studies in the deep sea define macrofauna as animals retained on a 0.3mm sieve to account for the small size of many of the taxa. Megafauna Main article: Megafauna

Megafauna are large animals of any particular region or time. For example, Australian megafauna. Meiofauna

Meiofauna are small benthic invertebrates that live in both marine and fresh water environments. The term Meiofauna loosely defines a group of organisms by their size, larger than microfauna but smaller than macrofauna, rather than a taxonomic grouping. One environment for meiofauna is between grains of damp sand (see Mystacocarida).

In practice these are metazoan animals that can pass unharmed through a 0.5 – 1 mm mesh but will be retained by a 30 – 45 μm mesh,[2] but the exact dimensions will vary from researcher to researcher. Whether an organism passes through a 1 mm mesh also depends upon whether it is alive or dead at the time of sorting. Mesofauna

Mesofauna are macroscopic soil invertebrates such as arthropods or nematodes. Mesofauna are extremely diverse; considering just the springtails (Collembola), as of 1998, approximately 6,500 species had been identified.[3] Microfauna Main article: Microfauna

Microfauna are microscopic or very small animals (usually including protozoans and very small animals such as rotifers). Other Examples of Fauna in Olleros de Tera (Spain).

Other terms include avifauna, which means "bird fauna" and piscifauna (or ichthyofauna), which means "fish fauna". Other

"Fauna was a term author Aldo Leopold used in describing the fragile environment along the Round River" from: A Sand County Almanac. Fauna treatises Classic faunas

Linnaeus, Carolus. Fauna Suecica. 1746

See also Portal icon 	Environment portal Portal icon 	Ecology portal Portal icon 	Earth sciences portal

Animal Biodiversity Biome Earth science Ecology Ecosystem Environmental movement Fauna and Flora Preservation Society Flora Gene pool Genetic erosion Genetic pollution Natural environment Nature Sustainability

References

^ http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Linnaeus ^ Fauna of Sandy Beaches ^ Josef Rusek (1998). "Biodiversity of Collembola and their functional role in the ecosystem". Biodiversity and Conservation 7 (9): 1207–1219. DOI:10.1023/A:1008887817883.

3 http://www.springerlink.com/content/v7044wm252462k53/

External links Look up fauna in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fauna [show]

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Elements of nature [show]

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Fauna of Africa [show]

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Fauna of Asia [show]

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Fauna of Europe [show]

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Fauna of Oceania [show]

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Fauna of North America [show]

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Fauna of South America