User:Hwebber557/sandbox

June 5, 2019

Dear Sandbox,

I read an article on Bartonella henselae. Also known as cat scratch fever. As the name implies it is transmitted by cat scratches. The article tells me that it is a gram-negative rod and how to culture and stain it. It says that Bartonella is one of the most common bacteria in the world so I expected more from this article. It has very little information and leaves me with questions unanswered.

Do all cats carry this disease? It is just from a scratch or can you get infected from a bite. I assume a fever is the main or first symptom, what are the other symptoms? What is the cure of this disease?

The links in the sources are all valid links but not many are from recent articles.

Sincerely,

Heidi

June 14, 2019

Possible sources for editing my article on Cat Scratch Fever:

“About Bartonella (Cat Scratch Disease) - Minnesota Dept. of Health.” About Bartonella (Cat Scratch Disease) - Minnesota Dept. of Health, Minnesota Department of Health, www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/bartonella/basics.html.

“Cat-Scratch Disease | Healthy Pets, Healthy People | CDC.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 30 Apr. 2014, www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/cat-scratch.html.

Nelson, Christina. “Bartonellosis.” NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders), rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/bartonellosis/.

June 21, 2019 Updated sources.

Cotté, Violaine, et al. "Transmission of Bartonella henselae by Ixodes ricinus." Emerging infectious diseases 14.7 (2008): 1074.

Gilliaux, Olivier, et al. "Atypical cat-scratch disease in children: report of seven presentations ranging from hepatosplenic disease to horner syndrome." Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 4.1 (2016).

Mazur-Melewska, Katarzyna, et al. "Cat-scratch disease: a wide spectrum of clinical pictures." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii 32.3 (2015): 216.

June 21, 2019 I added information on the symptoms of Bartonella henselae to my article and cited the source I found it in.

June 28, 2019

For my submission I will use my three updated sources and include information on:

- How people become infected with the disease.

- The symptoms of the disease

- Treatment of the disease

July 5th 2019

As already stated in the article, Bartonella henselae is gram-negative microbe. It is a facultative intracellular microbe that targets red blood cells. One study showed they invaded the mature blood cells of humans.

B. henselae, also known as cat scratch disease, is transmitted among cats by fleas. The infected cats then scratch or bite a human and the disease is transferred. Studies done in Europe now show it is possible that is can be spread by ixodid tick bites. It was found that ticks that fed from vials of infected sheep blood could carry the disease in their saliva glands. Two cats were infected with salivary glands of these ticks, one of an adult tick and one nymph tick to see if the bacteria could be transmitted by a tick bite. The cat infected with the nymph salivary glands was positive after 14 days, the cat infected with adult salivary glands had bacteremia in just seven days.

The Wikipedia lists the common symptoms of cat scratch disease but there are a lot of other complications that this microbe can cause beyond the typical fever, lymphadenopathy, and general malaise.

Immunocompromised people or patients that already have other conditions are at greater risk for further complications. Some cases have been found in children that already had previous heart valve disease got endocarditis from B. henselae. Some patients presented with hepatosplenic involvement, myalgia, and arthritis. In rare cases osteomyelitis can be a manifestation of B. henselae. There is no definite treatment regimen for a patient infected with B. henselae. Treatment depends on the wide range of symptoms that present. In most cases it will resolve on its own in 4-6 weeks. Aminoglycosides in lab tests showed some bactericidal activity. Bacteriostatic antibiotics aren’t able to easily get through to intracellular Bartonella so they aren’t recommended. In immunocompromised patients pain medication is often prescribed. Nodes may need to be aspirated if painful, micro abscesses often form in so the needle needs to be move to different locations within the node. Because of chronic sinus tract formation risks the nodes should not be incised to be drained. Azithromycin can be used for lymphadenopathy.

1. Cotté, Violaine, et al. "Transmission of Bartonella henselae by Ixodes ricinus." Emerging infectious diseases 14.7 (2008): 1074.

2. Gilliaux, Olivier, et al. "Atypical cat-scratch disease in children: report of seven presentations ranging from hepatosplenic disease to horner syndrome." Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 4.1 (2016).

3. Mazur-Melewska, Katarzyna, et al. "Cat-scratch disease: a wide spectrum of clinical pictures." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii 32.3 (2015): 216.

4. Pitassi, Luiza Helena Urso, et al. "Bartonella henselae infects human erythrocytes." Ultrastructural pathology 31.6 (2007): 369-372.

Peer Review 7/11/19

1. How is the grammar (spelling, punctuation, capitalization, appropriate vocabulary)?

There are a few sentences in here that seem to string on or are lacking appropriate punctuation.

Here are some of the sentences that stood out to me. I would definitely revisit these.

The cat infected with the nymph salivary glands was positive after 14 days, the cat infected with adult salivary glands had bacteremia in just seven days.

Some cases have been found in children that already had previous heart valve disease got endocarditis from B. henselae.

Nodes may need to be aspirated if painful, micro abscesses often form in so the needle needs to be move to different locations within the node.

There are also some misspelled words throughout the article.

2. Are all species names properly formatted?

Don't forget to italicize the bacteria's name.

3. Are there three distinct paragraphs ?

I would elaborate here if possible.

The Wikipedia lists the common symptoms of cat scratch disease but there are a lot of other complications that this microbe can cause beyond the typical fever, lymphadenopathy, and general malaise.

4. Is each interesting fact elaborated on enough (3-4 sentences at least)?

I feel like you could take the sentence I mentioned elaborating on and add it to your 3rd paragraph where you mention further complications among immunocompromised patients and other conditions.

5. Do any of the paragraphs leave you with further questions? Yes.

Cat scratch fever is transmitted among cats from fleas and can be transmitted among ticks. I am curious what the percentage of transmission to humans is, if that is something mentioned anywhere, as you don't often hear about cases of cat scratch fever.

6. Are the niche and gram stain of the organism mentioned? Yes

7. Are 3 sources used throughout the contribution? Yes

8. Are citations properly formatted? They are properly formatted but not properly referenced to the page. You should be using the reference link at the bottom of the page. For multiple citations throughout the article for one listed reference, you can use the help tab on the toolbar. Under references it will show you how to input your reference to name it and also how to input additional use of a reference. Hope this helps :)

9. Do the links to citations work when clicked on? No

10. Is the contribution written from a neutral tone? Yes

11. Is the contribution written for a lay-audience (someone who might come across this article in the middle of the night on a wiki-binge)?

Mostly, there are a couple of medical terms that could be defined to enable a better understanding of symptoms and diagnoses.

July 19, 2019

As already stated in the article, Bartonella henselae is gram-negative microbe. It is a facultative intracellular microbe that targets red blood cells. One study showed they invaded the mature blood cells of humans. [1] In the United States about 22,000 people are diagnosed, most under the age of twenty-years-old. Most often it is transmitted from kittens, boys are more at risk because they are more likely to play rough and get scratched.

B. henselae, also known as cat scratch disease, is transmitted among cats by fleas. The infected cats then scratch or bite a human and the disease is transferred. Studies done in Europe now show it is possible that is can be spread by ixodid tick bites. It was found that ticks that fed from vials of infected sheep blood could carry the disease in their saliva glands. Two cats were infected with salivary glands of these ticks, one of an adult tick and one nymph tick to see if the bacteria could be transmitted by a tick bite. The cat infected with the nymph salivary glands was positive for B. henselae after 14 days, the cat infected with adult tick salivary glands had bacteremia in just seven days. [2]

The Wikipedia lists the common symptoms of cat scratch disease but there are a lot of other complications that this microbe can cause beyond the typical fever, lymphadenopathy, and general malaise. Immunocompromised people or patients that already have other conditions are at greater risk for further complications. Some cases have been found in children that had previous heart valve disease, these children got endocarditis from B. henselae infection. Some patients had hepatosplenic involvement, myalgia, and arthritis after exposure to B. henselae. [3] In rare cases osteomyelitis, an infection in the bone, can be a manifestation of B. henselae.[4] There is no definite treatment regimen for a patient infected with B. henselae. Treatment depends on the wide range of symptoms that present. In most cases it will resolve on its own in 4-6 weeks.[5] Aminoglycosides in lab tests showed some bactericidal activity. Bacteriostatic antibiotics aren’t able to easily get through to intracellular Bartonella so they aren’t recommended. In immunocompromised patients pain medication is often prescribed. Nodes may need to be aspirated if painful, micro-abscesses often form, the abscess needs to be aspirated in many places to remove all the exudate. Because of chronic sinus tract formation risks the nodes should not be incised to be drained. Azithromycin can be used for lymphadenopathy, which is enlarged or swollen lymphnodes.. [6]

1. Cotté, Violaine, et al. "Transmission of Bartonella henselae by Ixodes ricinus." Emerging infectious diseases 14.7 (2008): 1074.

2. Gilliaux, Olivier, et al. "Atypical cat-scratch disease in children: report of seven presentations ranging from hepatosplenic disease to horner syndrome." Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 4.1 (2016).

3. Mazur-Melewska, Katarzyna, et al. "Cat-scratch disease: a wide spectrum of clinical pictures." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii 32.3 (2015): 216.

4. Pitassi, Luiza Helena Urso, et al. "Bartonella henselae infects human erythrocytes." Ultrastructural pathology 31.6 (2007): 369-372.

5. Zangwill, Kenneth M., et al. "Cat Scratch Disease in Connecticut--Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Evaluation of a New Diagnostic Test." New England Journal of Medicine329.1 (1993): 8-13. ________________________________________ Peer Review 7/11/19 1. How is the grammar (spelling, punctuation, capitalization, appropriate vocabulary)? There are a few sentences in here that seem to string on or are lacking appropriate punctuation. Here are some of the sentences that stood out to me. I would definitely revisit these.

The cat infected with the nymph salivary glands was positive after 14 days, the cat infected with adult salivary glands had bacteremia in just seven days. Some cases have been found in children that already had previous heart valve disease got endocarditis from B. henselae. Nodes may need to be aspirated if painful, micro abscesses often form in so the needle needs to be move to different locations within the node.

There are also some misspelled words throughout the article.

2. Are all species names properly formatted? Don't forget to italicize the bacteria's name. '''Thanks, I did in the original word document but they did not copy/paste into sandbox that way. I never even checked. ''' 3. Are there three distinct paragraphs ? I would elaborate here if possible. The Wikipedia lists the common symptoms of cat scratch disease but there are a lot of other complications that this microbe can cause beyond the typical fever, lymphadenopathy, and general malaise. '''Elaborated on this statement in the following paragraph. My intention was for that to all be together.'''

4. Is each interesting fact elaborated on enough (3-4 sentences at least)? I feel like you could take the sentence I mentioned elaborating on and add it to your 3rd paragraph where you mention further complications among immunocompromised patients and other conditions.

5. Do any of the paragraphs leave you with further questions? Yes. Cat scratch fever is transmitted among cats from fleas and can be transmitted among ticks. I am curious what the percentage of transmission to humans is, if that is something mentioned anywhere, as you don't often hear about cases of cat scratch fever. Found another source and added this information to the first paragraph.

6. Are the niche and gram stain of the organism mentioned? Yes

7. Are 3 sources used throughout the contribution? Yes

8. Are citations properly formatted? They are properly formatted but not properly referenced to the page. You should be using the reference link at the bottom of the page. For multiple citations throughout the article for one listed reference, you can use the help tab on the toolbar. Under references it will show you how to input your reference to name it and also how to input additional use of a reference. Hope this helps :) Source links were added with the reference link.. Hope they work now. 9. Do the links to citations work when clicked on? No

10. Is the contribution written from a neutral tone? Yes

11. Is the contribution written for a lay-audience (someone who might come across this article in the middle of the night on a wiki-binge)? Mostly, there are a couple of medical terms that could be defined to enable a better understanding of symptoms and diagnoses. '''I added some definitions to medical terms. '''