User:IDijkhuizen/sandbox

Heather's Comments

 * March 5th- Wow! This is looking great.  Are all of those references below ones that you have found!?  If you haven't yet, be sure to review Wikipedia's policies on environmental science articles here: https://dashboard.wikiedu.org/courses/Butte_College/English_2_(Spring_2020)/articles/available

Dani's Worklog

 * February 19th 2020 - Choose Ceratonova shasta as the article to edit. Read the article and clicked on some sources.   3/4 hours
 * February 26th 2020 - critically evaluate article and propose improvements 1/2 hours
 * March 1st 2020 - Searched for credible sources and added them to the sandbox 2 1/2 hours

Ceratonova shasta Article to Edit:
Ceratonova shasta is a myxosporean parasite that infects salmonid fish on the Pacific coast of North America. It was first observed at the Crystal Lake Hatchery, Shasta County, California, and has now been reported from Idaho, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia and Alaska (Bartholomew et al. 1989).

Contents

 * 1Life history
 * 2Pathology of infection
 * 3Disease Resistance
 * 4References
 * 5External links

Life history[ edit]  rename "Life Cycle"?
In addition to the fish host, C. shasta infects a freshwater polychaete worm (Bartholomew et al., 1997). Actinospores are released from the worm, and infect fish, on contact, in the water column. Neither horizontal (fish to fish), nor vertical (fish to egg) transmissions have been documented under laboratory conditions, suggesting that the worm host is necessary for completion of the life cycle. ' Source? '

Spores are released back into freshwater system after its fish host dies, however the complete life cycle, host and vector interaction is not fully understood (especially the ecology of the polychaete host).  'Source? and find newer research to elaborate on host-vector interaction' 

Research indicates that the potential for infection is enhanced when water temperatures are high, water flow is low, or numbers of infectious C. shasta are relatively high. Infection rates appear to be higher in or below still water environments than riverine ones.  'Source? and elaborate' 

Pathology of infection[ edit]
Clinical indications of infection in salmons include lethargy, loss of body mass, darkening of the skin, ascites, exopthalmia and kidney pustules, These symptoms vary from one salmonid species to another, and also depend on life stage of the host.  elaborate on which symptoms occur during which life stage + Source 

Internally, infection with C. shasta affects entire digestive tract, liver, gall bladder, spleen, gonads, kidney, heart, gills, and muscle tissues. Infection with C. shasta in adult chinook salmon causes mortality through intestinal perforations and co-occurring bacterial infections.  source? 

Cold temperatures and salinity may reduce progress of disease, but do not eliminate infection. Progression of infection and mortality is temperature dependent, with higher temperature increasing disease progression and resulting in quicker mortality.  'Source? and rephrase to sound more 'sciency'. find source on why higher temps increase disease progression?' 

Disease Resistance[ edit]
Salmonid stocks exhibit variable resistance to C. shasta (Bartholomew 1998). Resistance is variable and may be compromised by environmental conditions which enhance infectivity. Salmonid stocks which are resistant to C. shasta are not necessarily resistant to other myxosporean infections, such as Myxobolus cerebralis.  'Source? Which stocks are resistant? What causes resistance?'