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Eraft for Depth Sounding Page
| Depth Sounding

Sounding Technique
Away to know that the lead line is dropped to the ocean floor and measured success is confirmed by checking that the plummet when retrieved has brought up sand, shells, or any sort of items found on the bottom of the ocean.

Ancient World
It is believe that the earliest soundings were made as far back as 1800 B.C. because of paintings found in Egyptian tombs. One of these such paintings, made in 1500 B.C. and order to be made by Queen Hatshepsut depicts a man using a long pole as a sounding pole. On the other hand the first written recording of a sounding was made by the Greek historian Herodotus. The depth he recorded was that of 66 feet near the Nile River and he noticed that the sediment that was brought up from the depths was every similar to that of the sediment found on dry land. This all took place about the 4th century B.C. Pasidonious cast his sounding line in the Mediterranean waters between Rome and present day Sardinia in about 100 B.C.  His sounding was the first successful recording of a deep sea sounding by this point and stayed that way for about 1900 more years. Accounts of sounding made can be even found in the bible in Acts 27, Verses 27-44. By the 1st century A.D. it seems that regular soundings had become a practice when ships were near to shore as not to run aground. At this point in time there was nothing that sailors could consult about depth at sea so the crews of those ships had to rely upon the pilots experience and memory of sounding the area. For more than a thousand years there were no major advances or interest in sounding.

Modern Era
The first atlas to include depths on it was the atlas Secrets of the Sea made by Robert Dudley in 1647. Interests in sounding the depths of the ocean started up again after this atlas, up to the next step in sounding technology occurred around 1838 people sound the depth more and were being recognized for some of their accomplishments such as Captain Constantine John Phipps of a sounding of 683 fathoms. Around 1838 Charles Wilkes was the first person to use wire in exchange for heavy rope. The problem that came with the wire was that the wire would almost always knots up or it would kink and give inaccurate readings. The problem was so great that Wilkes gave up on his idea. The very first open ocean sounding was made in 1840 by Sir James Clark Ross, the depth of the sounding was 2425 fathoms and was conducted in the South Atlantic. Sir William Thomson in 1872 was the first person to have made a lasting change in sounding technology since before year zero. He used a small diameter pianoforte wire. Thomson also created a new method of sounding that used pressure tubes it became famous as “Self-Acting sounding”. Because of the success of the invention on a voyage across the pacific other survey ships were outfitted with them. Wire sounding machines were altered many times to suit the needs of the person who altered them though they were changed they still were able to sound some of the deepest parts of the ocean such as the Marianas Trench.

Echo Sounding
The first person to thing about using sound to measure the distance of depth was Swiss Mathematician J.D. Colladon in the year 1826. Sound can travel will in water but it can as well travel much fast then through the air. J.D. Colladon found all this out will at Lake Geneva where he had been testing these ideas. Echo sounding methods were being re-explored in 1859 Because of the technology upgrade during the World War II. It was hard to carry out test in echo sounding until the upgrade of the hydrophone and electric amplifier. Bells and explosives were being used to try for their echoes though the tester did not account for the error that after the sound entered the water you would not be able to hear it again because it stays in the water after that. The first one that can be given credit for leading the way for all sound machines to follow it was the oscillator created by Reginald Fessenden. It was not the purpose of the machine to further knowledge in depth sounding though it was a lucky accident. The French started off to be the first to recorded depths with echo soundings; they recorded both a sounding of 60 meters and a depth of 4000 meters. In 1922 the first map to have depth on it, where the measurements were only taken by echo soundings. A machine called the Hayes Sonic Depth Finder was place on a survey ship in 1923. The ship was to travel form one coast of the U.S. and along the way the ship was to test the sonic technology. However, because of both human and mechanical error the machine was scraped as a surveying machine. A 312 Fathometer which was made for deep-sea soundings, it was place on submarines. Though the way the readings came across to the operator was being constantly change. The very next model that came out called the 412 Fathometer was a failer. Though the Dorsey Fathometer No.3 became the wave of the standard for all Coast and Geodetic Survey ships because of its ability to operate in all depths. When operators of this equipment hear different sounds and frequences, it tells the operators many things about the oceans floor.

As of today a ship takes soundings all the time will out at sea and it preforms this by using a sonic depth recorder which is attached to the ship. The pinger makes the sound. The sound travels the bottom the ocean and then travels the way to the hydrophone were the sound is picket up. The time the sound took to come back is put into a formula where it help compute the depth. This way is way more reliable than the old way of sound depth.

AARWON (talk) 18:13, 13 April 2012 (UTC)AARWONAARWON (talk) 18:13, 13 April 2012 (UTC)

198.189.57.10 (talk) 18:11, 13 April 2012 (UTC)AARWON198.189.57.10 (talk) 18:11, 13 April 2012 (UTC)

I do not believe your APA citations are in order. You might want to include the date you personally viewed the website for all three sources. In addition, the last two lack a date in general.

Your Wikipedia coding seems to be in order. However, your entry in just one super long paragraph. Please entertain the idea of individual sections. This will not only look better, but sound better as well.

I checked out your sources and your second one is a dead link. The last one lacks a date published and is a weak source. It works but you might want to consider finding a stronger one. The two sources that did work, did prove to be neutral and reliable.

Good work.

On a final note, you should include a link from your sandbox. I failed to find this until I asked Ms. V. Sorry for the delay.