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Introduction
The Hezbollah-Israel conflict is a long-standing dispute between the Lebanese militant group, Hezbollah, and the state of Israel. The conflict has its roots in the historical tensions between Israel and its Arab neighbors, as well as the Lebanese civil war of the 1980s. Since then, the conflict has escalated to include cross-border attacks, missile strikes, and other acts of violence.

Hezbollah is a Shiite Muslim militant group that was formed in the early 1980s as a response to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. However, already before its creation the proto-Hezbollah circles in Beirut were focused on Islamic renewal, seeking to mobilize Lebanon’s Muslims for overthrowing the Zionist and Crusader Maronite regime. Since its creation it has been backed and financed by Iran and has been labelled as a terrorist organization by the United States and several other Western countries. Although initially claimed to have no political intentions, Hezbollah is currently a major political party in Lebanon, with seats in the country's parliament.

Series of events
The conflict between Hezbollah and Israel escalated in 1996, when Israel launched a military offensive against the group in Lebanon, known as Operation Grapes of Wrath. The offensive was sparked by a series of Hezbollah attacks against Israeli troops stationed in southern Lebanon. The conflict resulted in the displacement of tens of thousands of Lebanese civilians and the deaths of over 100 Lebanese and Israeli soldiers.

In 2000, Israel withdrew its troops from southern Lebanon after 18 years, but the tensions between Hezbollah and Israel continued. Even while the unilateral withdrawal of the Israeli troops took place, the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon (IRL) (al-Muqāwama al-Islāmiyya fī Lubnān), the interests of which Hezbollah was dedicated to defend, increased the pace of attacks against the Israeli forces. The IRL was determined to prevent the Israeli forces from backpedaling on this unconditional withdrawal.

In 2006, Hezbollah launched a cross-border raid into Israel, killing eight Israeli soldiers and capturing two others. Israel responded with air and ground attacks against Hezbollah targets in Lebanon, which resulted in the deaths of over 1,000 Lebanese civilians and the displacement of over 1 million others. The conflict between Hezbollah and Israel has continued since 2006, with both sides engaging in sporadic violence.

In 2015, there was a major escalation when Hezbollah launched a missile attack against an Israeli military convoy in northern Israel, killing two Israeli soldiers. Israel responded with airstrikes against Hezbollah targets in southern Lebanon.

One of the key issues at the heart of the conflict is the disputed territory of the Shebaa Farms, a small strip of land on the border between Lebanon, Syria, and Israel. Hezbollah claims that the territory belongs to Lebanon, while Israel and the international community recognize it as part of the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. The conflict is also driven by broader geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, particularly the rivalry between Iran and Israel. Hezbollah is a key ally of Iran and has been instrumental in Iran's efforts to spread its influence in the region. Israel, on the other hand, sees Iran as a major threat to its security and has been engaged in a long-standing campaign to counter Iran's influence in the region.