User:ITxT/THM : DB

This is an informational database (in progress) for the TeleHealth Module (a One Laptop Per Child peripheral). See http://wiki.laptop.org/go/TeleHealth_Module for more information about the project.

Medical specialties
and preventive care of athletes, both amateur and professional
 * Allergy, the medical specialty dealing with the treatment of asthma and allergies
 * Andrology, the medical specialty that deals with male health
 * Anesthesiology, the medical specialty that deals with the administration of anesthesia
 * Angiology, the medical specialty which studies the diseases of circulatory system and of the lymphatic system
 * Aviation medicine, a branch of preventive or occupational medicine in which the patients/subjects are pilots and aircrews
 * Bariatrics, the branch of medicine that deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity
 * Cardiology, the branch of medicine pertaining to the heart
 * Cosmetic surgery, a subspecialty of medicine and surgery that uniquely restricts itself to the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques
 * Cytopathology, a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level
 * Dentistry, the science and art of preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases, injuries and malformations of the teeth, jaws and mouth
 * Dermatology, a branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its appendages (hair, sweat glands, etc)
 * Disaster Medicine, the area of physician medical specialization serving the duel areas of providing medical care to disaster survivors and providing medically related disaster preparation, disaster planning, disaster response and disaster recovery leadership throughout the disaster life cycle
 * Drug addiction, the area of medicine dealing with the treatment of substance addiction
 * Emergency medicine, a branch of medicine that is practiced in a hospital emergency department, in the field by emergency medical service, such as paramedics, and other locations where initial medical treatment of illness takes place
 * Endocrinology, a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones
 * Environmental medicine, a medical discipline that studys the interactions between environment and human health, the cause of disease as caused by environmental factors including chemical, physical and biological agents
 * Epidemiology, the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine
 * Gastroenterology, the branch of medicine where the digestive system and its disorders are studied
 * General practice, the branch of medicine dealing with primary care and family medicine
 * Geriatrics, the branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life
 * Gerontology, the study of aging covering the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging
 * Gynecology/Obstetrics, the branch of medicine dealing with the surgical management of the entire scope of clinical pathology involving female reproductive organs, and to provide care for both pregnant and non-pregnant patients
 * Health informatics or medical informatics, the intersection of information science, computer science and health care
 * Hematology, the branch of biology (physiology), pathology, clinical laboratory, internal medicine, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases
 * Hepatology, the branch of medicine that incorporates study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree and pancreas as well as management of their disorders
 * Hyperbaric Medicine, the medical use of oxygen at a higher than atmospheric pressure
 * Immunology, a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms
 * Infectious diseases, branch of medicine dealing with disease resulting from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions
 * Internal medicine, the branch and specialty of medicine concerning the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of diseases in adults, especially of internal organs
 * Intensive care medicine or Critical Care Medicine, a branch of medicine concerned with the provision of life support or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill and who usually require intensive monitoring
 * Medical genetics, the application of genetics to medicine encompassing many different individual fields, including clinical genetics, biochemical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, the genetics of common diseases (such as neural tube defects), and genetic counseling
 * Medical sonography or Ultrasonography, an ultrasound-based diagnostic medical imaging technique used to visualize muscles, tendons, and many internal organs, their size, structure and any pathological lesions with real time tomographic images
 * Military medicine, specifically a branch of occupational medicine attending to the medical risks and needs (both preventive and interventional) of soldiers, sailors and other service members
 * Nephrology, a branch of internal medicine and pediatrics dealing with the study of the function and diseases of the kidney
 * Neuroimaging, the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the brain
 * Neurology, a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system
 * Neuromuscular Medicine, an emerging subspecialty of medicine which focuses on the comprehensive medical management of individuals with neuromuscular disorders
 * Neuroradiology, a subspecialty of radiology focusing on the diagnosis and characterization of abnormalites of the central nervous system, spine, and head and neck
 * Nuclear medicine, a branch of medicine and medical imaging that uses the nuclear properties of matter in diagnosis and therapy
 * Occupational safety and health, a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment
 * Oncology, the branch of medicine that studies tumors (cancer) and seeks to understand their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
 * Ophthalmology, the branch of medicine which deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways, including the eye, brain, and areas surrounding the eye, such as the lacrimal system and eyelids
 * Orthopedic surgery, the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic, and overuse injuries and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system
 * Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, an approach to manual therapy used to improve the impaired or altered function of the musculo-skeletal system (somatic dysfunction)
 * Otolaryngology, the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head & neck disorders
 * Paleopathology, the study of ancient diseases (useful in understanding the past history of diseases, and uses this understanding to predict its course in the future)
 * Palliative medicine, any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of disease symptoms, rather than providing a cure
 * Pain management, the discipline of medicine concerned with the relief of pain.
 * Pathology, the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells and bodily fluids
 * Pediatrics, the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents
 * Pharmacology, the study of how drugs interact with living organisms to produce a change in function
 * Phlebology, the medical discipline that involves the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of venous origin
 * Physical medicine and rehabilitation or physiatry, a branch of medicine dealing with functional restoration of a person affected by physical disability
 * Podiatry, a field of healthcare devoted to the study and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and the knee, leg and hip (collectively known as the lower extremity).
 * Preventive medicine, the part of medicine engaged with preventing disease rather than curing it
 * Psychiatry, a branch of medicine which exists to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders in humans
 * Pulmonology, the specialty that deals with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract
 * Radiation oncology, is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells
 * Radiology, the medical specialty directing medical imaging technologies to diagnose and sometimes treat diseases
 * Rehabilitation medicine, a branch of medicine dealing with functional restoration of a person affected by physical disability
 * Reproductive endocrinology, a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction
 * Rheumatology, a subspecialty of internal medicine and pediatrics is devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases
 * Serology, the scientific study of blood serum
 * Sexual health, the branch of medicine that deals with fertility and birth control
 * Sleep Medicine, the branch of medicine that deals with sleep and seep disorders
 * Sports medicine, an interdisciplinary subspecialty of medicine that deals with the treatment
 * Surgery, a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance, or sometimes for some other reason
 * Toxicology, the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms
 * Transplantation medicine, the branch of medicine that deals with organ transplantation
 * Urology, the branch of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males

Regional groups

 * Head and neck — includes everything above the thoracic inlet
 * Upper limb — includes the hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, arm, and shoulder.
 * Thorax — the region of the chest from the thoracic inlet to the thoracic diaphragm.
 * Abdomen — everything from the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvic brim or to the pelvic inlet.
 * The back — the spine and its components, the vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, and intervertebral disks.
 * Pelvis and Perineum — the pelvis consists of everything from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm. The perineum is the region between the sex organs and the anus.
 * Lower limb — everything below the inguinal ligament, including the hip, the thigh, the knee, the leg, the ankle, and the foot.

Major organ systems

 * Circulatory system: pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs with heart, blood, and blood vessels.
 * Digestive system: digestion and processing food with salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, rectum, and anus.
 * Endocrine system: communication within the body using hormones made by endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary or pituitary gland, pineal body or pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroids, and adrenals or adrenal glands
 * Integumentary system: skin, hair and nails
 * Lymphatic system: structures involved in the transfer of lymph between tissues and the blood stream, the lymph and the nodes and vessels that transport it including the Immune system: defending against disease-causing agents with leukocytes, tonsils, adenoids, thymus, and spleen
 * Muscular system: movement with muscles.
 * Nervous system: collecting, transferring and processing information with brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and nerves
 * Reproductive system: the sex organs, such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis.
 * Respiratory system: the organs used for breathing, the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm.
 * Skeletal system: structural support and protection with bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.
 * Urinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra involved in fluid balance, electrolyte balance and excretion of urine.

Superficial anatomy
Superficial anatomy or surface anatomy is important in human anatomy being the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily identified from the contours or other reference points on the surface of the body. With knowledge of superficial anatomy, physicians gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures.

Common names of well known parts of the human body, from top to bottom:
 * Head &mdash; Forehead &mdash; Jaw &mdash; Face &mdash; Cheek &mdash; Chin
 * Neck &mdash; Shoulders
 * Arm &mdash; Elbow &mdash; Wrist &mdash; Hand &mdash; Fingers &mdash; Thumb
 * Spine &mdash; Chest &mdash; Ribcage
 * Abdomen &mdash; Groin
 * Hip &mdash; Buttocks &mdash; Leg &mdash; Thigh &mdash; Knee &mdash; Calf &mdash; Heel &mdash; Ankle &mdash; Foot &mdash; Toes
 * The eye, ear, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, throat, adam's apple, breast, penis, scrotum, clitoris, vulva, navel are visible too.

Internal organs
Common names of internal organs (in alphabetical order) :

Adrenals &mdash; Appendix &mdash; Bladder &mdash; Brain &mdash; Eyes &mdash; Gall bladder &mdash; Heart &mdash; Intestines &mdash; Kidney &mdash; Liver &mdash; Lungs &mdash; Esophagus &mdash; Ovaries &mdash; Pancreas &mdash; Parathyroids &mdash; Pituitary &mdash; Prostate &mdash; Spleen &mdash; Stomach &mdash; Testicles &mdash; Thymus &mdash; Thyroid &mdash; Veins &mdash; Uterus

Brain
Amygdala &mdash; Brain stem &mdash; Cerebellum &mdash; Cerebral cortex &mdash; Limbic system &mdash; medulla &mdash; midbrain &mdash; pons