User:Idashyn/Publishing house in Kazakhstan

Publishing in the territory of modern Kazakhstan dates back to 1918. However, the first books in the Kazakh language were published at the beginning of the XIX century.

Russian empire
The first print publication in the Kazakh language was the book “Seyful-Malik”, published in 1807 with the support of the First Kazan Male Gymnasium and printed in the Asian Printing House (opened in Kazan in 1800). At the beginning of the XIX century, a center for the collection and study of the cultural and scientific heritage of the peoples of Central Asia was established at Kazan University, the materials of which were published by the university publishing house. In the second half of the XIX century, books in the Kazakh language were published in the printing houses of Orenburg, Ufa, Tashkent, St. Petersburg, Troitsk, Astrakhan. The most famous were the printing houses "Brothers Karimov", "Turmysh", "Umit", "Urnek", "Shark". Until 1917, over 700 book titles were published. Among them are the books Jami-at-tavarikh by Kadyrgali Zhalairi (1851), The Kyrgyz Reader, Ibrai Altynsarin (1879), Poem about Kambar (1882), Mohammed Hanafia (1882), Poem Kozy Korpesh (1890 ), Kyz Zhibek (1894), Alpamysh (1899), Poem on Aytys Birzhan Sal and Sary Kyz (1900), Kazakh Primer (1910), and others. In 1904, a collection was published in St. Petersburg works of the scientist, educator and traveler Chokan Valikhanov. Prior to this, his Essays on Dzungaria, Kirghiz and other individual works were published. In 1909, a collection of songs based on poems by Abay Kunanbayev was published in Petersburg.

Before the war
In 1918-1919, the publishing work of the Commissariat for Muslim Affairs was headed by T. Ryskulov. In November 1918, at the 1st All-Russian Congress of Muslim Communists, the Central Bureau of Muslim Organizations was elected, which took the lead in publishing literature in the languages ​​of the peoples of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Seytkali Mendeshev joined the bureau from Kazakhstan. Until 1924, two publishing houses operated at the People’s Commissariat of Nationalities (Narkomnats): Western and Eastern. The Eastern publishing house was headed by N.Torekulov, the head of the literature department in the Kazakh language was A. Baydildin. In May 1924, the Central Publishing House of the Peoples of the USSR, Centrizdat, was created on the basis of these publishing houses. In March 1920, the Turkestan State Publishing House (Turkgosizdat) was founded in Tashkent. In 1921 it issued in the Kazakh language 680,570 copies, in the Uzbek language - 21,47850 copies, in Turkmen and Tajik languages ​​- 2,33800 copies. books. In Kazakhstan, the first book was published in 1918. In November 1918, a publishing house and a translation literature department opened in the Horde (West Kazakhstan Oblast). On November 3, 1920, KazCIC adopted the Decree on the state publishing house of the KASSR –Kirgosizdat, approved by the Regulations of November 24 of the same year. Until 1921 it was under the jurisdiction of KazCIC. On August 9, 1921, the Main Department of the State Publishing House was formed under the People's Commissariat of Education. There is also organized a special scientific department - the academic center. The center consisted of a scientific and literary council associated with the publication of textbooks and translation of political literature. In 1921—1922, 29 printing presses and one lithograph worked in Kazakhstan. Within one year, the circulation of 20 books issued by the State Publishing House reached 27 thousand copies. In the 1920s. There are books of the classics of Kazakh literature S.Seifullin, B.Mailin, I.Zhansugurov, M.Auezov, S.Mukanov, etc. At this time, the Kazakh script was translated from Arabic into Latin, and later into Cyrillic. By the decision of the Kazakh Regional Party Committee of October 22, 1931, "On the publishing work in Kazakhstan", the "Kazakhstan Publishing House" (Kazizdat) was created. Previously, Kazgostekhizdat was formed. Since 1930, the Regional Department of OGIZ (association of state book and magazine publishing houses of the RSFSR) began to work. In Kazakhstan, the number of publishing houses has reached four: Kazpartisdat, the Kazakh state publishing house of fiction, the Komsomol youth publishing house have separated from Kazizdat. Kaztekhizdat became part of the publishing house "Kazakhstan". Created profile publishing Kazfoto. In the same years, the Main Printing and Publishing Department was formed. In early 1941, all publishing houses of Kazakhstan merged into the association of state publishing houses (KazOGIZ).

After the war
In 1945, the publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan "G'ylym" was established to produce literature in all branches of knowledge; in 1947, the Kazakh teacher-pedagogical publishing house (later “Rauan”) separated from KazOGIZ, which publishes textbooks and manuals for schools and universities; in 1950 the publishing house of fiction was created (later “Zhazushi”). In the same year, KazOGIZ returned its former name Kazizdat, which in 1962 was renamed “Kazakhstan”. On March 1, 1962, the publishing house of agricultural literature was formed (subsequently, the publishing house “Kainar”). In 1968, the main editors of Kazak Encyclopedia were created. A newspaper and magazine publishing house “Da'uyr” (“Дәуір”), with high production capacity was formed.

Independent Kazakhstan
At the present stage the following publishing houses are working: Kazakhstan, Zhazushy, Zhalyn, Rauan, Oner, Kaynar, Gylym, Bilim, Sanat, Balausa, Ana Tili, "Kazak encyclopedias", "Dau'yr", "Saryarka" and private publishing houses "Zhety jargy", "Zhybek Zholy", "Atamura", "Olke", "Yel", "Yer-Dau'let", etc.

Literature

 * Publishing // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia. - Almaty: Kazakh Encyclopedias, 2005. - T. II. - ISBN 9965-9746-3-2.

''When writing this article, material from the “Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia "(1998-2007), provided by the editorial" Kazakh encyclopedia "under the license Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 Unported.''