User:Iitsmeshelby/Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire

Lead section
PTQ, or Preservative Thinking Questionnaire, is a self-report scale to assess the severity of RNT, or ruminative negative thinking across multiple disorders. The PTQ is a 15-item self-report measure that assesses five shared and unique facets of worry and rumination, including General Repetitive Thought, Future Control, Understanding, Past-Focused Repetitive Thought, and Obsessive Thought. A correlation between RNT and several emotional problems has been found, thus the PTQ is used as a transdiagnostic process to evaluate the likelihood of comorbidity. The PTQ is intended for those suffering from RNT, which is common in and perpetuates the symptoms of depression and anxiety. These disorders are comorbid in a wide range of disorders: PTSD, bipolar disorder, general anxiety disorder, insomnia, social anxiety disorder, and others. PTQ is not specific to any one disorder, therefore it is an important assessment tool that has shown promise of accurately and reliably reporting prevalence and severity of RNT in people with varying disorders.

Versions
There are three versions of the PTQ; PTQ-A (adult), PTQ-C (child) and PTQ-S.
 * What are the versions of this test that exists, if any? For each section, there should be a description of the test.
 * What is its intended population, number of questions and acronyms?

Reliability
The rubrics for evaluating reliability and validity are here. You will evaluate the instrument based on these rubrics. Then, you will delete the code for the rubric and complete the table (located after the rubrics). Don't forget to adjust the headings once you copy/paste the table in!

An example using the table from the General Behavior Inventory is attached below.

Reliability
Reliability refers to whether the scores are reproducible. Unless otherwise specified, the reliability scores and values come from studies done with a United States population sample.

Validity describes the evidence that an assessment tool measures what it was supposed to measure. There are many different ways of checking validity. For screening measures such as the CAGE, diagnostic accuracy and discriminative validity are probably the most useful ways of looking at validity.

Validity
Validity describes the evidence that an assessment tool measures what it was supposed to measure. There are many different ways of checking validity. For screening measures, diagnostic accuracy and discriminative validity are probably the most useful ways of looking at validity. Unless otherwise specified, the validity scores and values come from studies done with a United States population sample.

Development and history
The PTQ was developed in 2010 by Lauren E. Szkodny, a graduate student at the Pennsylvania State University, to provide a content-dependent tool to assess RNT in patients across multiple disorders. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire was not reliable in assessing RNT, so the PTQ was created to combat that. The PTQ was designed because of the prevalence of negative cognitions, such as worry and rumination, in various disorders. Szkodny wanted a way to interpret the differences and similarities between worry and rumination, and who these two distinct forms of maladaptive negative thinking affect. Rumination was previously thought to only affect depression, and worry GAD, however, there appears to be overlap between the two. To test this, Szkodny developed 126 questions that targeted the differences and similarities between rumination and worry. She tested the 126 questions upon a psychology class at Eastern University. Each question could be answered on a scale of "not at all like me" to "very much like me". After analysis of the data, Szkodny concluded that rumination and worry are indeed distinct features, but overlap in both depression and anxiety. She later scaled down the assessment to just 26 questions, as this makes the questionnaire more accessible to the general public. Testing the amount of rumination and worry can help establish a basis for cognitive behavioral therapy, as these are the driving cognitions of depression and GAD. Understanding the severity of a person's negative affect can help therapist tailor a personalized treatment.
 * What was the theoretical background behind this assessment? (e.g. addresses importance of 'negative cognitions', such as intrusions, inaccurate, sustained thoughts)
 * How was the scale developed? What was the theoretical background behind it?
 * How are these questions reflected in applications to theories, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
 * If there were previous versions, when were they published?
 * Discuss the theoretical ideas behind the changes

Impact

 * What was the impact of this assessment? How did it affect assessment in psychiatry, psychology and health care professionals?
 * What can the assessment be used for in clinical settings? Can it be used to measure symptoms longitudinally? Developmentally?

Use in other populations

 * How widely has it been used? Has it been translated into different languages? Which languages?

Germany
The PTQ has been validated in Germany

Research

 * Any recent research done that is pertinent?

Limitations

 * If self report, what are usual limitations of self-report?
 * State the status of this assessment (is it copyrighted? If free, link to it).

Example page

 * General Behavior Inventory