User:Ikrom2014/sandbox

Article evaluation
Lake Chad: i added how the low water level as lead some species of fish to extinction.

For the article Sustainable Cities I will be adding the history section to the article.

Sustainable Cities:
Article 1: Urban Structure, Energy and Planning: Findings from Three Cities in Sweden, Finland and Estonia

This article is focused on how to plan setting that hope to accomplish urban sustainability. The first city that they focus on is Eskilstuna in the country of Sweden. The two main concerns that the city focuses on is Urban densification and connecting transport routes to public transportation around, in and out of the city. The cities current transportation depends on fossil fuels because of the city being surrounded by inhabitants and not wanting to cause any harm to the land that is around. Another city that also plans to have urban sustainability is Turku, which is on the Southwest coast of Finland. This area is highly populated with thousands of college students because it is the location of its university. The area has opened many jobs for the population of the city ever since the city went through industrialization, the area is in the middle of the city. Ever since the 1950s the urban growth has increased in the city of Turku. For the high population rate that is in this city it is still working on being more energy sustainable for the people living there. They are hoping to accomplish a better way of using energy since most of the population uses so much to transport throughout the day using a large amount of energy. They started setting up urban development alongside transportation routes and roads. The key point that Finland is having is that to increase energy efficiency throughout the country they need to add a great deal number of urban farms to conserve the energy that is being used by the transport system. The reason this has been so difficult for the city to set this up fully is because they need to put together the connection policies and the energy efficiency policies that are set for the city. Another problem that comes up is car-dependent commuting when people rather take their own vehicles rather than taking public transportation. The goal that they are hoping to accomplish in the city of Turku is to set up urban farms to conserve energy and not interfere with the policies that they must fallow to accomplish this goal. Another city that also plans to have urban sustainability is Tartu in the country of Estonia.

DOI: 10.17645/up.v1i1.506

https://www.cogitatiopress.com/urbanplanning/article/view/506/506

[null Article 2: Getting It Right: Towards Socially Sustainable Exploitation of the Extractive Industry in Kenya]

This article discusses how important it is to help the plant with its environmental problems and how they will face them on hand in. When the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment happened in Stockholm, Sweden there were plenty of disagreements between countries on how to address the global environmental problems that are going on. That is when the United Nations in 1983 created the World Commission on Environment and Development to address these problems head on. What this did was set up environmental goals for the government and the those that are in private international. When this was looked over they realized that what was set up was not possible of being done in this way. What they have come to agree on is as fallowed and said in the article; “the need to ensure that human needs are met in a manner that does not affect the ability of future generations to meet their needs.” When this was stated they reviewed what human kind have taken from the environment. It was then said that the human kind can use these resources without completely drying it out for the necessary needs at the time. This will allow the environmental resources to not be destroyed by human kind. This is when the Rio Declaration would look over the environmental sustainability and the economic sustainability making sure that neither the environment or the population is not getting what it needs without destroying the other.

Odote, Collins; Otieno, Smith. "Getting It Right: Towards Socially Sustainable Exploitation of the Extractive Industry in Kenya," East African Law Journal 2015 (2015): p. 202-221.

http://www.heinonline.org.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/easfrilaj2015&div=15&?&collection=journals#

Article 3: Rethinking Dubai's urbanism: Generating sustainable form-based urban design strategies for an integrated neighborhood

Dubai has also been doing it’s share to have a sustainable urban form of life in their city. What the city has been doing while building was to incorporate the environment within the city rather than destroying it completely and building over it. When the city was continuing being built a lot of disputes happened between designers. While some wanted larger more luxurious buildings there were others that were convincing those that it is better that they stick to smaller more urban building that would go with the environment that they were in rather than destroying the land that they were on. A concept that they discussed in the article was climate- sensitive urbanism, when designers were made for the city they had in mind of great cooling, heating, and shading throughout the city to keep up with the climate of the area. The article states that experts can confirm that the city is very sustainable. They say that the way that the buildings are set up and build it fits the proper population and meets up with the way the sun and wind moves throughout the city allowing it to not conflict with the climate or the environment in the area. Some ways that they recommend in integrating climate-appropriate designs into these sustainable cities and neighborhoods are building buildings closely together to create shade on one another, this way when creating more shaded regions in the area it will allow cooling to happen and keep it from becoming too heat absorbent. Also, allowing trees and other environmental structures in the area can create a better of creating shaded regions from the environment and creating more cooling areas to keep the area cool.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2016.10.012

https://ac-els-cdn-com.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/S0264275116301433/1-s2.0-S0264275116301433-main.pdf?_tid=spdf-d166be14-ff9f-4d35-95df-c1177ec6ff16&acdnat=1519880280_69d1b8848915f452336d19a7a5e00d57