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= Economic Censorship =

Censorship is a method of auditing, which sorted as political censorship, internet censorship, economic censorship etc. The economic censorship represents the legal representative of the enterprise or the business contractor on the performance of the economic censorship within the term of contract period. The economic censorship provides the economic references and evidences to related institutions which are divided as government, advertisers, media, consumers and other institutions.

=Economic censorship in advertising industry= The definition of private economic censorship was indicated by Collins (1992). Advertiser could decide whether to let public access or not access the certain information functionally or formally. Via the economic influence, advertisers might use censorship method to monitor the click rate or “the press” to determine which media to publish certain material.

Social Media will recommend the relevant advertising by observing the economic conditions and consumption standards of consumers. Such behavior has aroused the dissatisfaction of many customers, because medias are using unofficial censorship. The impact on economic censorship to citizens is as influential as political censorship. As Baker (1992, p.2153) illustrated that it is a serious threat to social policy and formally democracy if any medias or advertisers prevent the press from providing information that publish might want to hear or know.

=Countries=

China
Censorship in China focused on political censorship mostly in the past. Recently economic censorship in China has raised to a vital stage. According to the statistic of Chinese growth rate or real gross domestic product (GDP), it decreased from 10.61% to 6.5% from 2010 to 2018. China now regards the economic censorship as significant as the political censorship. Usually the aim of economic censorship was to audit whether certain institutions are using existed sources effectively and efficiently in China, now it tends to focus more on preventing corruption, theft, extravagance and waste. In order to generate, accumulate and use wealth more effectively, chinses government implement a series of economic policies to prevent money flow abroad.

The examples would be the blocking of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Google, Twitter and many other applications from abroad. The professor from TsingHua University Patrick Chovanec indicated that this action may be done because sort of economic protectionism in China, that is to protect the domestic applications and companies to grow in a stable market, which decreased competitions. If government blocks a website or an application, this will automatically restrict people to visit the relevant pages and information from that website or application.

Meanwhile, China sets film censorship as well. This censorship is not only political way but also in economic method. China restricts films from abroad, which limits opportunities for film producer to explore new market in China and limit the distribution of films. However, the main reason of the restriction on films is not aiming to limits others' opportunities, Hsu Li-kong indicated that China market needs local flavor.

More details about the censorship in economic part could be seen at Censorship in China below Subject Matter and Agenda.

Russia
In Russia, economic censorship is similar to political censorship. Censorship had the most meaning of controlling Soviet society, the special type of Soviet censorship can be found on 24 October,1917. From the newest report about Russia, the weak property rights influence the growth of Russia economic, as well as foreign investment. Corruption highly exists in centralised and authoritarian government and business cycle. The lack of accountability results in no punishment would be used to bureaucrats. Thereby, government started to interpose economic market in order to change the structure and system.

Martin Dewhirst (2002) also indicated that Russia audits any fees paid to unapproved media to carry government notices, regulations, announcements and other documents. Meanwhile, government via informally hints to show companies that the large profitable contracts will give to those who obey the rules. In this case, companies would automatically prevent the advertising in such outlets.

Israel
Economic censorship is a new concept in Israel, it is seldom shown in media and rarely exposed. There are four classic censorship examples in Israel, political, religious, social and military. Most of western democracies countries strengthen the national security censorship due to the fear of terror. Economic censorship in Israel is used to prevent information damage and consist economic interests, every industry has its own censorship. From 1970s, frequent military conflicts in Israel began to become a masquerade of political economic order, during this period, political economic order promoted the accumulation of private capital. In 1980s, a new order was adopted and turned into an extreme version. Government was prudent and started to intervene and control the economic censorship on public TV, especially commercial TV completed economic censorship on private ownership.

United State
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United Kingdom
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