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Capture of Fez (1549)
The capture of Fez on January 13, 1549, was a significant event in Moroccan history, resulting in the end of the Wattasid dynasty's rule and the establishment of the Saadi Sultanate's dominance over Morocco.

Background
The Saadi dynasty, originating from the Draa River valley, began rising to power in the early 16th century. Known for their resistance against Portuguese incursions, they started consolidating control over southern Morocco. Meanwhile, the Wattasid dynasty, w ⁣ hich had ruled northern Morocco and Fez after the decline of the Marinid dynasty, w ⁣ as facing internal strife, economic difficulties, and external threats, particularly from the Portuguese and the rising Saadi power.

Lead-Up to the Capture
Under the leadership of Sultan Mohammed ash-Sheikh, the Saadi Sultanate expanded its influence by unifying various southern tribes and factions dissatisfied with Wattasid rule. Mohammed ash-Sheikh skillfully exploited the Wattasid dynasty's declining power, securing alliances and preparing for a decisive confrontation.

The Capture
On January 13, 1549, Mohammed ash-Sheikh led his forces to capture Fez, the Wattasid stronghold. The Saadi forces, well-organized and highly motivated, quickly overwhelmed the Wattasid defenders. The Wattasid Sultan, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, unable to mount significant resistance due to internal divisions and weakened military capabilities, saw his forces defeated, and Fez fell to the Saadi army.

Aftermath
The capture of Fez marked the end of the Wattasid dynasty and the beginning of Saadi rule over Morocco. Mohammed ash-Sheikh established Fez as a key city under Saadi control, unifying the northern and southern regions. This unification under the Saadi Sultanate brought about a period of stability and prosperity. The Saadi dynasty strengthened Moroccan defenses against foreign threats and promoted economic and cultural development.

The Saadi reign, especially under later sultans such as Ahmad al-Mansur, saw Morocco flourish culturally and economically, contributing significantly to the country’s rich historical legacy.

Legacy
The capture of Fez in 1549 was a turning point that shifted the balance of power in Morocco, unifying the country under a single rule. This event not only consolidated Saadi control but also set the foundation for Morocco's resistance against foreign encroachments and its subsequent cultural and economic flourishing. The Saadi dynasty's rule, marked by significant achievements, left an enduring legacy on Moroccan history.