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UTI89
Strains of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are most commonly associated with human disease. These bacteria are the primary cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) (70–95%) and a large portion of nosocomial UTIs (50%), accounting for substantial medical costs and morbidity worldwide. Recurrent, or relapsing, UTIs are especially problematic in many individuals. UPEC strains act as opportunistic intracellular pathogens, taking advantage of host behavior and susceptibility by employing a diverse repertoire of virulence factors to colonize the urinary tract. It is believed that a primary reservoir of UPEC isolates is within the human intestinal tract, as the isolate responsible for a UTI in a given individual often matches rectal isolates from that same person. In some cases, dissemination of a single clonal group of UPEC isolates may occur within a community via contaminated food or other consumables. Additionally, UPEC strains isolated from sexually active patients often match fecal isolates from their partners, indicating that UTIs can be sexually transmitted. In 2002 the genomic sequence of the pyelonephritis isolate CFT073 (O6:K2:H1) was published and more recently, in 2006, genomic sequencing of another pyelonephritis isolate, 536 (O6:K15:H31), and the cystitis isolate UTI89 (O18:K1:H7) were completed.