User:Immanuelcrbmusic/sandbox

Ruggiero Trofeo
Ruggier Trofeo (1550 - 19 September 1614) was an early Italian Baroque composer and organist. He was born in Mantua in an organist family. He is represented by one madrigal in an anthology of music by native Mantuan composers. His most famous work is his book: "Canzonette" (which he wrote in 1589), in which he called himself “a Mantuan”. He was probably a student of Francesco Rovigo with whom he later will write a canzona. Rovigo was an important composer and organist of the late renaissance, he was also part of a group of most famous composers in Italy. .

Career
Trofeo had the benefit of studying with Rovigo who was a great teacher and composer. After his education he started a career of organist in different churches mostly in Mantua. Mantua is a city and a province in Italy. During the winter 1576-7 he was organist in the Mantuan cathedral church of Santa Pietro, deputizing for Annbiale Come, who at the time was in loan to Prince Vincenzo Gonzaga. In 1587 Trofeo served as organist in the ducal Basilica Palatina di Santa Barbara in Mantua. On the 10 of may the Duke of Mantua, Guglielmo Gonzaga found him talking to a prostitute in the low quarter of the city and send him away. Trofeo didn’t recognize the disguised prince and refused to go away, so he was severely punished. He escaped further punishment because of the dead of the Prince. The new Duke Vincenzo made no move against Trofeo who still lived in San Barbara. In 1590, he was replaced there by Rovigo, his earlier master. Trofeo was accepted in 1569 as organist of the Basilica di San Marco in Milano where later the Verdi's requiem will be performed. Under the direction of Costanzo Antegnati he helped with the rebuilding of an organ. They constructed an organ with an ‘extravagant’ number of stops. Costanzo was born in a family of famous organists. In 1604 Trofeo moved to Turin where he was ‘maestro di cappella di camera’ at the court of Savoy. This means that he was in charge of music in the chapel of the court. At the same time he was also organist of the Turin Cathedral. Where he stayed until his dead, his son Giovanni Cristoforo succeeded him. In 1656 Giovanni was organist of the Jesuit church in Turin.

=Works= Trofeo wrote several works for Vocal music and instrumental music. He mostly composed canzona’s, madrigals and also a psalmody.

Vocal music
In 1596, he wrote the psalmody: “Psalmodia vespertina”. A psalmody is a psalm (mostly in Latin) who is arranged to sing monotone. In 1600, he wrote a vocal canzona: “Canzonette leggiadre”. Which means “Canzona of grace”. He wrote two madrigals “L’amorosa caccia” in 1588 and “De’ fiori del giardino di diversi excellentissimi autori, seconda parte” in 1604.

Instrumental music
Rovigo and Trofeo composed together : “Canzoni da Suonare: à quattro, et à otto di Francesco Rovigo, et Ruggier Trofeo” in 1613. In 1615, he composed another canzona “Canzonette à tre et à quattro voci”.

=The style of his music= Trofeo’s instrumental canzonas are inventive and lively pieces characterized by a contrapuntal display, a transparent texture and a well-organized structure. Mostly his canzonas consist of four-parts. Each phrase typically opens with a well-defined point of imitation, which moves vigorously through the various parts. This phrase is often concluded with a well-prepared and clearly-articulated cadence. Phrases and sections are often repeated, especially the final one, which is often followed up with a brief codetta (coda).

=Bibliography= Grove, George, and Stanley Sadie. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. MacMillan Publishing Company, 2001. Osthoff, H. Die Musik in Geschichte Und Gegenwart. Bärenreiter, 1949 SartoriB C. Antegnati: L'arte organica (Brescia, 1608/R); ed. R. Lunelli (Mainz, 1938, 2/1958) [incl. Ger. trans.] F. Picinelli: Ateneo dei letterati milanesi (Milan, 1670), 296, 484 G.B. Intra: 'Una pagina della giovinezza del principe Vincenzo Gonzaga', Archivio storico italiano, 4th ser., xviii (1886), 228 S. Cordero di Pamparato: 'I musici alla corte di Carlo Emanuele I di Savoia', Biblioteca della Società storica subalpina, cxxi (1930), 31-142, esp. 71,100 M. Donà: La stampa musicale a Milano fino all'anno 1700 (Florence, 1961) P.M. Tagmann: Archivalische Studien zur Musikpflege am am Dom von Mantua (1500-1627) (Berne, 1967), 41