User:Immcarle72/sandbox

I plan to contribute information pertaining to the actual researched function of NALP. I want to touch on its impact in activating processes of the immune system. I also plan to add information about diseases that may occur when an individual has a mutation in their NALP gene.

NALP is a component of the inflammasome, along with caspase-1, caspase-5, Pycard/Asc.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00281-007-0079-y

NALP is a scaffolding protein and is crucial for aggregating other proteins that form the inflammasome. Activates capase-1, IL-1β and IL-18. (IL-1β and IL-18 are both proinflammatory cytokines). As such, it can be inferred that NALP plays a key role in inflammation and fevers. In humans, NALP genes are found on the following chromosomal localizations: 17p13, 19q13.42, 1q44, 19q13.43, 11p15.5, and 11p15.4. Many NALP genes are found on chromosome 19 and 11. (Good table of NALP chromosomal locations)

As of now, there are 13 identified NALP genes in humans and go by the name NALP1-13.

Tend to evolve via gene duplication.

NALP protein structure has a N-terminal PYD domain followed by NACHT domain and several leucine rich repeats (LRR). (Rephrase this) (Also there is a great figure in this source for the structure of NALP.

In plants, danger signal sensors have been identified to contain many NALPs and therefore it is proposed that NALPs can also serve as danger signal sensors.

Mutations in the NALP3 is responsible for a number of hereditary diseases: MWS (Muckle-Wells Syndrome), FCAS and CINCA. All of which involve periodic fever, joint inflammation, rashes and amyloidosis. Mutations in NALP genes that cause hereditary diseases is much more common that that of other PAMP receptors for unknown reasons.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1369/jhc.6a7101.2006

NALP1 is highly expressed in neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, B and T cells. NALP was found in high density in T-cell region of the spleen, but not found in B cell regions.

Both the brain and the testis expressed NALP1 but not NALP3. NALP1 was found in the neurons of the brain.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S107476130400055X

http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/6/4003.short

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcp.24026/full

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1097276502005993?via%3Dihub