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The protection of the environment is a component of national and international law, philosophy, religion, morality, sociology, ecology, and many other sciences. Today, the protection of the environment and laws in this area are becoming increasingly important. Both criminal and legal arrangements, non-governmental organizations serving the protection of the environment as well as international treaties put environmental issues at stake.

According to the first article of the United Nations Environment Declaration, 1972, human beings are an entity that destroys the environment that provides mental, moral and spiritual support. During human development, people have gained the power to change the environment, using the rapid development of science and technology. According to the second article of the same Declaration, the environment is the most important factor for a person to survive. The environmental protection plays an important role in humanity protection and the development of the economy. It is the dream of all the world's people and the duty of governments.

Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law
The inadequacy of other areas in the protection of the environment and the lack of decisiveness in the implementation of administrative sanctions required criminal law. The general tendency of today's world is to use criminal law to protect the environment and to aggravate existing criminal sanctions. Environmental justice ensures the distribution of environmental benefits and environmental burdens in society, and criminal laws play a crucial role in the realization of environmental justice. One of the most important tools to solve social problems is undoubtedly the legal order. Today, environmental problems have become one of the leading problems of all societies. One of the most effective tools that can be used to regulate the relations between the environment and human, to bring certain rules of conduct and to solve environmental problems is undoubtedly the legal order. The state has to do this in the frame of the legal rules, whether it is to solve the environmental problems or to use some powers to solve other problems. Therefore, the basic condition for the solution of environmental problems is to establish the legal rules for the environment. In efforts to find solutions to environmental problems, national and international levels were initially applied primarily to administrative law and partly to private law norms, and criminal sanctions were not used. Therefore, in the first part of this study, in almost all of the legal texts, which were said to have been prepared in the legislative environment valid for almost all countries in the 1970s, sanctions adopted in the case of violations of the rules introduced were mostly administrative and legal sanctions. Later on, it was observed that the environment was not protected by administrative and legal sanctions so that it was protected with criminal norms. In the 2000s, the concrete products of these tendencies have been seen in many countries as aggravating existing penal sanctions and introducing new sanctions with new legal regulations. A general trend of the same type is observed to make companies responsible for criminal law. There are also suggestions, arguments and efforts for the protection of the environment at international level or for the application of criminal law to the prevention of cross-border pollution. These initiatives are important in order to prevent polluters from running from one country to another to avoid responsibility. Despite the existence of a general tendency to include criminal sanctions in the protection of the environment, it is not yet clear whether the expected effectiveness of the environment in order to prevent the degradation of the environment can be realized. The tendencies present at the theoretical level and in practice can be gathered around two main views and models. An opinion that includes subordinate discrimination within the scope of criminal law, which is subject to administrative law and the degree of this commitment is strict or flexible; the other is an understanding that recognizes the role of criminal law on its own and independently.

Crimes against the environment
The concept of environmental crimes has been used intensively in the international field over the past few years. As is known, environmental pollution is closely related to numerous human and environmental health problems. In the beginning, people searched for the protection of the environment and the handling of environmental problems in various administrative and economic measures, in education and training, in scientific and technical fields, but they realized that only these mechanisms were not sufficient to solve the problems and they chose the way of benefiting the rights and freedoms of the perpetrators of the acts designated as crimes in the laws. The fact that criminal law has been introduced in order to ensure the social order by preventing environmental pollution and to guarantee the rights and freedoms of people has strengthened the purpose of environmental protection. Because the criminal law serving to maintain the social life regularly by protecting the rights and freedoms has started to serve to protect the environmental elements which are indispensable for all living beings by crying the perpetrators of the environmental violations shown as a crime by the law for the same purpose.