User:Infinty 0/Data of Chinese automobile industry

There are currently about 150 active brands in the Chinese automobile market. Among them are 97 Chinese domestic brands and 43 joint venture (JV) brands. Before 2010, the traditional "Big Four" refers to the four major state-owned car manufacturers, SAIC, FAW, Dongfeng and Changan. Other Chinese car manufacturers, both from public and private sectors, like Geely, BAIC, BYD, Chery, GAC, Great Wall, JAC and Seres emerged as the major players with the expansion of Chinese automotive industry.

Central government controlled state-owned manufacturers

 * FAW (China First Automobile Works Group Corporation, Chinese: 中国第一汽车集团有限公司) is a Chinese state-owned automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Changchun which is directly under the control of central government of China. Founded on 15 July 1953, it is the oldest car manufacturer of the People's Republic of China. Currently FAW sells products under their different brands including Hongqi, Jiefang, and Bestune. FAW also operates joint ventures with Toyota, Volkswagen and Audi.
 * Dongfeng (Dongfeng Motor Corporation, Chinese: 东风汽车集团有限公司) is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wuhan, Hubei, which is directly under the control of central government of China. Originally known as Second Automobile Works when it was founded in 1969, FAW and SAW were the two major manufacturers before the Reform and Opening-up of China. It current owns Voyah, M-Hero, Aeolus, Forthing, Dongfeng Nammi and operates joint ventures including Cummins, Honda, Nissan, Infiniti, and Stellantis (PSA Peugeot Citroën).
 * Changan (Chang'an Automobile Group, Chinese: 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司) is an automobile manufacturer headquartered in Chongqing, and is a subsidiary of China South Industries Group Corporation, an enterprise under the control of central government. It is the oldest automobile manufacturer in China which can be traced back to 1862 of Qing Dynasty. Changan designs, develops, manufactures and sells passenger cars sold under the Changan Auto, Deepal and Kaicene brand. Changan operates joint venture companies Avatr, Ford and Mazda.

Local government controlled state-owned manufacturers

 * SAIC (Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation, Chinese:上海汽车集团股份有限公司) is a Chinese state-owned automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Shanghai. It is controlled by the municipal government of Shanghai. SAIC sells vehicles under a variety of brands including IM, Rising Auto, Maxus, MG, Roewe, Wuling, Baojun, and Yuejin. Joint venture brands include Buick, Chevrolet, Iveco, Škoda, Volkswagen, and Audi.
 * GAC (Guangzhou Automobile Corporation, Chinese: 广州汽车集团股份有限公司), is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Guangzhou and controlled by the municipal government of Guangzhou. GAC sells passenger cars under the Trumpchi and Aion brand operates foreign joint ventures with Honda and Toyota.
 * BAIC (Beijing Automotive Industry Corporation, ), is a state-owned enterprise located in Beijing and controlled by the municipal government of Beijing. Its owns the brands of Arcfox, Beijing, Beijing Off-road, Changhe, and Foton. It has foreign joint ventures with Hyundai and Mercedes-Benz.
 * JAC (Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corporation, Chinese: 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司) is a state-owned enterprise based in Hefei, Anhui Province and controlled by the Provincial Government of Anhui. It owns the brands of JAC, JAC EV, Sehol.
 * Chery (Chery Automobile, ), a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer based in Anhui and controlled by the municipal government of Wuhu. It sells cars under the Chery, Exeed, Jetour and iCar brands. It also has a foreign joint venture with Jaguar Land Rover for the production of Jaguar and Land Rover cars in China.

Notable privately owned manufacturers

 * BYD (BYD Auto, ), is an automobile manufacturer based in Shenzhen, founded by BYD Company which are known for their batteries. It is currently the largest electric vehicle manufacturer of the world. It operates brands such as BYD, Denza, Fangchengbao, and Yangwang.
 * Geely (Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, ), is the one of the biggest privately owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Taizhou, Zhejiang. Currently one of the fastest growing automotive groups in the world, Geely is known for its ownership of the Swedish luxury car brand Volvo Cars, its performance counterpart Polestar, and the British sports car company Lotus. In China, their passenger car brands include Geely, Livan, Lynk & Co, Zeekr, Volvo Cars, Polestar, Lotus, LEVC, Farizon, Radar, Ji Yue and operates joint ventures with Proton and Smart.
 * GWM (Great Wall Motor, ), is a private company famous for manufacturing SUVs headquartered in Baoding, Hebei. Great Wall sells vehicles under the brands of Haval, Wey, Tank and Ora. It operates a joint venture called Spotlight Automotive with BMW Group to produce Mini electric cars.
 * Li Auto (Beijing Car And Home Information Technology, Chinese: 北京车和家信息技术有限公司) is a startup manufacturer founded in 2015. It is specialized in developing and manufacturing premium range-extender electric vehicles and has rapidly grown into a major player in Chinese automobile market.

State-private mixed ownership manufacturer

 * Seres (Seres Group, ), is one of the first state-private mixed ownership manufacturer in China. Headquartered in Chongqing, it is currently co-owned by the founder's family, the state-owned company Dongfeng and municipal government of Chongqing. It used to be famous for producing light commercial vehicles and budget passenger vehicles but is transforming to produce premium electric vehicle since 2021 after partnering with Chinese tech giant Huawei. It owns the brands of Seres, AITO, Fengon, Landian and DFSK.

Notable smaller startup manufacturers

 * Nio (Shanghai Nio Automobile, Chinese: 上海蔚来汽车有限公司) is an EV startup manufacturer founded in 2014 and headquartered in Shanghai. The company is noted for its battery-swapping stations and premium EV.
 * Xpeng (Guangzhou Xiaopeng Motors Technology, Chinese: 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司) is an EV startup manufacturer founded in 2014 and headquartered in Guangzhou. Together with Nio and Li Auto, it is one of the first EV companies in China. Volkswagen Group acquired a 5% of stake Xpeng in 2023.
 * Leapmotor (Zhejiang Leapmotor Technology, Chinese: 浙江零跑科技股份有限公司) is an EV manufacturer hounded in 2015, headquartered in Hangzhou. Stellantis acquired a 20% stake of Leapmotor in 2023.
 * Hozon (Zhejiang Hozon Auto New Energy Automobile, Chinese: 浙江合众新能源汽车有限公司), is an EV manufacturer headquartered in Hangzhou. It is a state-private mixed ownership manufacturer which is invested mainly by Chinese tech company Qihoo 360 and three local governments of Yichun, Tongxiang and Nanning. It produces vehicles under the Neta brand.
 * Xiaomi Auto (Xiaomi Automobile Co., Ltd, Chinese: 小米汽车有限公司) is the subsidiary of Chinese consumer electronics giant Xiaomi that produces EVs. It was founded in 2021 in Beijing and launched its first product, the Xiaomi SU7 in 2024. Xiaomi is currently the only Chinese tech company that is directly involved in automotive manufacturing.

Foreign and joint venture manufacturers
Following the Chinese economic reform, from 1994 to 2018, Chinese automotive policy mandated that foreign carmakers had to establish joint ventures with a Chinese counterpart to produce vehicles in the country, with the Chinese partner owning at least 50% of the venture. This measure was implemented to protect local manufacturers and provide it with the chance to bridge the technology gap and develop their brands.

On April 17, 2018. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of China announced that foreign ownership limits on automakers would be phased out over a 5-year period. On 28 July 2018, China lifted foreign ownership restrictions on new energy vehicle production, which benefited American electric car manufacturer Tesla, Inc. The company established a plant in Shanghai, becoming the first foreign automaker to open a wholly-owned manufacturing facility in China. The liberalization was followed by commercial vehicles in 2020 and passenger cars in 2022. The rule that prohibited foreign automakers from setting up more than two joint ventures in China was also lifted in 2022. Therefore, it became legally possible for the foreign automakers to buy out local partners from joint ventures. In 2022, BMW and Volkswagen had acquired 75% stake in their joint ventures.

Foreign manufacturers
The following are foreign manufacturers that operate in China either through wholly-owned manufacturing plants or joint ventures where they own more than 50 percent of the shares.


 * Tesla
 * Gigafactory Shanghai (Tesla is the first and currently the only 100% foreign-owned car manufacturer in Chinese mainland)
 * BMW
 * BMW China (former 50-50 joint venture with Brilliance Auto Group, a majority 75% stake was acquired by BMW in 2022)
 * Volkswagen
 * Volkswagen Anhui (former 50-50 joint venture with JAC, a majority 78.52% stake was acquired by Volkswagen in 2020)
 * Ford
 * Ford Beyond (Jiangling Ford Technology, Ford holds 65.32% majority of stake indirectly)

Joint venture manufacturers
The following are foreign manufacturers that operate in China through joint ventures where they hold a maximum of 50 percent ownership.


 * Volkswagen
 * FAW-VW (with FAW) (Volkswagen, Jetta, Audi)
 * SAIC-VW (with SAIC) (Volkswagen, Škoda, Audi)
 * General Motors
 * SAIC-GM (with SAIC) (Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet)
 * SAIC-GM-Wuling (with Guangxi Auto, SAIC)
 * Ford
 * Changan Ford (with Changan) (Ford, Lincoln)
 * Jiangling Motors (with JMCG) (Ford, JMC)
 * Changan Ford New Energy (with Changan)
 * Stellantis
 * Dongfeng PSA (with Dongfeng) (Peugeot, Citroën)
 * Leapmotor International (with Leapmotor)
 * Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi
 * Dongfeng Nissan (with Dongfeng) (Nissan, Infiniti, Venucia)
 * Zhengzhou Nissan (with Dongfeng) (Nissan, Fengdu)
 * JMEV (with JMCG)
 * eGT New Energy Automotive (with Dongfeng)
 * Toyota
 * FAW Toyota (with FAW)
 * GAC Toyota (with GAC)
 * Mercedes-Benz
 * Beijing Benz (with BAIC)
 * Fujian Benz (with BAIC, Fujian Motors)
 * BMW
 * Spotlight Automotive (Mini, with Great Wall Motor)
 * Honda
 * Dongfeng Honda (with Dongfeng)
 * GAC Honda (with GAC)
 * Hyundai-Kia
 * Yueda Kia (with Yueda)
 * Beijing Hyundai (with BAIC)
 * Isuzu
 * Jiangxi Isuzu (with JMCG)
 * Qingling Motors (with Qingling)
 * Tata
 * Chery Jaguar Land Rover (with Chery)
 * Mazda
 * Changan Mazda (with Changan)

Reversed joint ventures
In the 1990s, Chinese automakers pursued Western technology through joint ventures. However, a reversal occurred in the 2020s, with Western manufacturers now seeking technological assistance from Chinese counterparts and invested in China through joint ventures. Several Chinese electric vehicle startups have leveraged their technological advantages, attracting investments from traditional Western automotive giants such as Renault-Nissan, VW, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota and Stellantis.


 * In 2017, Renault-Nissan and Dongfeng set up a joint venture called "eGT New Energy Automotive" to produce A-segment EV.
 * In 2019, Mercedes-Benz announced the establishment of a joint venture partnership with Chinese automaker Geely. Geely acquired 50% of Smart brand to produce EVs based on Geely's SEA platform.
 * In July 2019, Renault Group announced a capital injection of 1 billion yuan to acquire a 50% stake in JMEV, an EV subsidiary of Jiangling Motors Corporation.
 * In 2020, BMW and Great Wall Motor invested RMB 5.1 billion on a joint venture Spotlight Automotive to produce the Mini brand EV using the technology of Great Wall Motor.
 * In 2020, Toyota announced its joint venture with Chinese manufacturer BYD. The joint venture was set to assist technical know-how for Toyota's EV development and supply the battery, electric motor and electronic control unit for Toyota's EV. Toyota bZ3, the first electric sedan of Toyota, was built under the assistance of BYD with its technology.
 * In July 2023, Audi and SAIC announced their partnership that the EV platform from IM Motors, the brand of SAIC, will be introduced into Audi's electric models.
 * In July 2023, Volkswagen Group announced its investment of $700 million in XPeng, the EV startup venture from China, for purchasing 4.99% stake of the company. The VW will collaborate with XPeng to develop two VW brand electric models for the mid-size segment in the Chinese market in 2026.
 * In August 2023, Geely and Renault decided to set a joint venture codenamed Horse with each entity holding 50% stake, to manufacture internal combustion engine (ICE) and hybrid powertrains for Renault, Nissan and Mitsubishi vehicle with Geely's technology.
 * In September 2023, Ford and Changan announced to establish a new joint venture Changan Ford NEV, to produce and distribute Ford vehicles based on Changan's technology of electric vehicle. Changan holds 70% stake in the JV while Ford holds 30%.
 * In October 2023, Stellantis announced its investment to Leapmotor at the price of 1.5 billion euro, acquiring 20% of Leapmotor for the support of technology to produce EVs.

Involvement of Chinese technology industry in the automotive industry
Since the 2020s, Chinese technology corporations such as Huawei, Baidu, DJI with their advanced software or hardware technological capability started entering the automotive business by various approaches.

Huawei's partnership with automobile manufacturers has taken the form of three business models, from the standardized parts supply model, the "Huawei Inside" (HI) model, and the Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA). Baidu and DJI has been providing autonomous driving system and hardware to automotive manufacturers. Qihoo 360 invested in the Chinese EV startup company Hozon Auto. Geely collaborates with Baidu to set up joint venture brands, and acquired Chinese smartphone company Meizu for its Polestar and Lynk & Co brands with its auto OS and AR system. Xiaomi is the first and the only Chinese tech company that is directly involved in automotive design, development and manufacturing, and operates its factory in Beijing.

Exhibition
As the world's largest automobile market, the Chinese government organizes large-scale international automobile exhibitions in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou every year, attracting automobile manufacturers from all over the world to use them as the launch stage for new cars.


 * Auto China - Beijing International Automotive Exhibition (Chinese: 北京国际汽车展览会), is an auto show held biennially in Beijing, China since 1990. It is currently the largest auto show in the world.
 * Auto Shanghai - Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition (Chinese: 上海国际汽车工业展览会), is a biennial international automobile show held in National Center for Exhibition and Convention of Shanghai. It is China's oldest auto exhibition which was first held in 1985.
 * Auto Guangzhou - China (Guangzhou) International Automobile Exhibition (Chinese: 中国(广州)国际汽车展览会), is held in November and December every year in the Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center, China.