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= Edith Gaton = Edith Filomena Gaton (April 27, 1924 - April 14, 2015) was an Israeli pediatrician and pathologist, born in Bukovina, Romania, Professor of Pathology and Head of the Department of Pathology at Tel Aviv University, senior pathologist and Head of the Histochemistry Unit at Kaplan Hospital in Rehovot. Educator and lecturer, author of textbooks in the field of medicine and researcher. Her research focused in the field of atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis and has formed the basis for many research studies in the field.

Biography

Romania

The only daughter of Jacob and Tony Merdinger, born in Czernowitz, Bukovina. Due to anti-Semitic events at the age of eight she moved with her family to Bucharest where her uncle ran a successful business selling newspaper printing presses, in which the family was integrated. In the ninth grade she was expelled from high school, where she studied, due to racial laws against Jews and she continued to study in a private Jewish setting where she successfully completed her studies in 1943. At that time in Bucharest, three college institutions were founded by Jewish intellectuals: the "Enescu College", the "Berkowitz Polytechnic" and the "Abson College", which received the city's students expelled from the higher education system. Gaton was admitted to medical school and graduated from the college under the direction of Professor Ernest Abson and later completed her studies at the Bucharest Institute (School) of Medicine and Pharmacy, as a student of Nobel Laureate Professor Georgia Emil Palade, and a Romanian senator, the virologist and consultant to the World Health Organization, Professor Nicolai Kajal. In 1950 she graduated cum laude with a degree in Pediatric Medicine. After graduating, she specialized as a pediatrician at the General Hospital in Bucharest, and since 1950 has worked in a variety of hospitals in the city. From 1950 to 1952 she worked as a pediatrician at the Children's Psychiatric Center under the direction of Professor Florica Bagdazar, later Romania's first woman Minister of Health. As part of her work at the hospital, she analyzed the hospital’s functioning and the results of this study earned her a certificate of appreciation from the Romanian Ministry of Health. Later, during the 1950s, she worked at the “Casa Copilului” Orphanage in Bucharest, and due to her desire to immigrate to the State of Israel, she was fired in 1960 and was relocated, as a pediatrician, away from her place of residence. A year later, in 1961, she and her family boarded the ship "Enotria". Married to Radu, an aviation industry engineer, they lived in Tel Aviv and have two children and four grandchildren. Their eldest son, Arie, is a Feldenkrais Practitioner, and their youngest son is Professor Dan Gaton, an expert in ophthalmology, glaucoma and intraocular pressure.

Israel

When she immigrated to Israel, in light of the need for doctors in the field of pathology, she was offered to change her field of specialization and she began her work as a pathologist in the "Donolo" Government Hospital in Jaffa, where she worked for about six years. In 1966 her husband was sent on a four-year mission with his family to France, and she worked as a researcher at the Institute of Medical Histochemistry, the Department of Histology, the Faculty of Medicine of Paris under the direction of Professor Raymond Wegmann. There she studied and developed, together with an international group of researchers, the field of medical histochemistry, a relatively new field in the world of medicine in those years. Between 1967 and 1970, she won a scholarship from the French government. At the end of her research in the field of medical histochemistry at the university she received a certificate of expertise with a commendation. Upon her return to Israel in 1970, she established the first laboratory for medical histochemistry in the country within the Institute of Pathology under the direction of Prof. Bernard Czernobilsky at Kaplan Hospital in Rehovot. In 1980 she was one of the founders of the Association of Cytology and Histochemistry in Israel. At the same time, in 1970 she joined the teaching staff as a senior lecturer in the Department of Pathology at the Faculty of Medicine at Tel Aviv University, where she founded the Museum of Pathology, and also served for 20 years as editor of the Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology. In 1984, Gaton was appointed Associate Professor at Tel Aviv University, and in 1987 was appointed Head of the Department of Pathology at the University's Faculty of Medicine, and was the first woman in this position to serve until 1990. She was a lecturer in pathology within the Department of Biology at Bar-Ilan University. Professor Moshe Wollman was her partner in many of her research at Tel Aviv University. In 1992 she retired and dedicated her life to writing textbooks for medical students.

Research

At the height of her scientific career in the field of pathology, the main research in which Prof. Gaton focused on the study of atherosclerosis. As part of her research, she examined the importance of various components and causes of the disease using histochemical and immunohistological methods. In her scientific work she discovered the importance of macrophages in the stage of fat deposition in the artery wall, is the basic stage of disease formation. She also recognized the great importance of the acid-esterase enzyme and its activity in the vascular wall. In addition, she focused on the field of the female reproductive system, both in teaching the field to students as well as in research aspects. In this studies she dealt with hormonal effects on various tumors in the female reproductive system with emphasis on ovarian tumors.

Prof. Edit Gaton died on April 14, 2015.

Publications

Selected Books

• General Pathology. Gaton E, Gaton DD, Czerikover, Tel Aviv, Israel, 1st Edition, 1984, 397p., 2nd Edition, 1987, 397p.

• Specific Pathology I. Gaton E, Gaton DD, Czerikover., Tel Aviv, Israel. 1994, 400p.

• Abbreviations in Medicine, English and Hebrew. Gaton DD, Gaton E., Czerikover, Tel Aviv, Israel, 1st Edition, 1996, 256p; 2nd Edition, 1999, 242p.

• Specific Pathology II. Gaton E, Gaton DD, Czerikover, Tel Aviv, Israel, 1998, 450p.

• Specific Pathololgy III. Gaton DD, Gaton E, Czerikover, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2005, 333p.

• Crâmpeie din Viață. Edit and Radu Gaton, by Teşu Edition, Romania & Israel, 2017, 249 p.

Articles and Publications

Research

• Toxic effects of systemic retinoids on meibomian glands. Kremer I, Gaton DD, David M, Gaton E, Shapiro A. Ophthalmic Res. 1994; 26 (2): 124-8.

• The pituitary-thyroid axis effects on ocular and orbital tissues: a histological, histochemical, and morphometric study. Gaton DD, Gaton E, Wolman M, Acta Histochem. 1992; 92 (1): 61-6.

• Reappraisal of the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Wolman M, Gaton E, Pathobiology. 1991; 59 (2):

92-5.

• Are the effects of thyroid hormone on target organs mediated through lysosomal enzymes? A histochemical study with acid phosphatase. Gaton DD, Gaton E, Wolman M, Cellular Molecular Biology. 1987; 33 (5): 619-24.

Macrophage activation in the prevention or regression of atherosclerosis. Gaton E, Wolman M, Adv Exp Med Biol. 1984; 168: 15-36.

• The effects of varying lengths and powers of CO2 laser pulses transmitted through an optical fiber on atherosclerotic plaques. Eldar M, Battler A, Gal D, Rath S, Rotstein Z, Neufeld HN, Akselrod S, Katzir A, Gaton E, Wolman M, Clinical Cardiology. 1986 Mar; 9 (3): 89-91.

• The effect of estrogen and gestagen on the mucus production of human endocervical cells: a histochemical study. Gaton E, Zejdel L, Bernstein D, Glezerman M, Czernobilsky B, Insler V, Fertil Steril. 1982 Nov; 38 (5): 580-5.

• Unusual ovarian, tubal and pelvic mesothelial inclusions in patients with endometriosis. Kerner H, Gaton E, Czernobilsky B, Histopathology. 1981 May; 5 (3): 277-83.

• Histochemical study on the pathogenesis of chlorocyclizine-induced pulmonary lipidosis. Gaton E, Wolman M, Histochemistry. 1979 Sep; 63 (2): 203-7.

• Macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Wolman M, Gaton E, Harefuah, May 2 1976

• The role of smooth muscle cells and hematogenous macrophages in atheroma. Gaton E, Wolman M., J Pathol. October 1977

• Editorial: The role of enzyme histochemistry in modern pathology. Gaton E, Harefuah, December 2 1973